PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effects of 670 nm Photobiomodulation in Healthy Ageing and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Manjot K. Grewal 1,2, Chrishne Sivapathasuntharam 1, Shruti Chandra 1,2, Sarega Gurudas 1, Victor Chong 3, Alan Bird 1, Glen Jeffery 1 and Sobha Sivaprasad 1,2,* 1 2 3 * Correspondence: sobha.sivaprasad@nhs.net Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 31 March 2020; Published: 2 April 2020 Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; m.grewal@ucl.ac.uk (M.K.G.); chrishnepriya.sivapathasuntharam.14@ucl.ac.uk (C.S.); shruti.chandra.18@ucl.ac.uk (S.C.); sarega.gurudas.17@ucl.ac.uk (S.G.); alan.bird@ucl.ac.uk (A.B.); g.jeffery@ucl.ac.uk (G.J.) NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK Eretina Ltd. 8, Spruce Dene, Hazlemere, Bucks HP15 7QF, UK; victor@eretina.org Abstract: Limited evidence suggests that the application of 670 nm of red light alters the course of aged decline. A previous report on 18 patients showed regression of drusen and improvement in visual functions in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by 12 months. We evaluated the functional and structural effects of applying 670 nm light to 31 patients with intermediate AMD and 11 people aged 55 years or above with normal retina. The study eyes were treated daily in the morning with a 670 nm hand-held light source housed in a torch-like tube that emitted energy equivalent to 40 mW/cm2 or 4.8J/ cm2 for 2 min at the viewing aperture. Visual function in terms of best-corrected visual acuity, low luminance visual acuity, scotopic thresholds and rod-intercept time were compared between baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Structural changes on optical coherence tomography OCT and colour photographs were also assessed. Five withdrew consent voluntarily due to the intensity of the study visit assessments and two developed neovascular AMD and were excluded from further treatment and the analysis. In normal ageing, there was an improvement in scotopic thresholds in the group with no AMD by 1.77dB (p = 0.03) and no other parameters showed any clinically significant change. In eyes with intermediate AMD, there was no significant improvement in any functional or structural changes at any time point up to 12 months although the compliance was good. This pilot study shows that photobiomodulation with 670 nm has no effect in patients who have already progressed to intermediate AMD. Keywords: photobiomodulation; age-related macular degeneration; 670 nm; dark adaptation; reticular pseudodrusen; subretinal drusenoid deposits; scotopic thresholds; optical coherence tomography 1. Introduction In healthy ageing and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), there is a progressive loss of rod photoreceptors compared to a minimal decline of the less vulnerable cone photoreceptors [1]. Other changes in the outer retina include thinning and thickening of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), increased thickness of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane complex (RPE-BM complex) and a gradual decline in choriocapillaris [2]. These ageing changes are rarely associated with symptomatic visual function losses. When healthy eyes convert to AMD, the early visible changes are characterized by accumulation of sub-RPE deposits called drusen and in some cases subretinal J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1001; doi:10.3390/jcm9041001 www.mdpi.com/journal/jcmPDF Image | 670 nm Photobiomodulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
PDF Search Title:
670 nm Photobiomodulation in Age-Related Macular DegenerationOriginal File Name Searched:
jcm-09-01001-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Cruise Ship Reviews | Luxury Resort | Jet | Yacht | and Travel Tech More Info
Cruising Review Topics and Articles More Info
Software based on Filemaker for the travel industry More Info
The Burgenstock Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
Resort Reviews: World Class resorts... More Info
The Riffelalp Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@cruisingreview.com | RSS | AMP |