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Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy TABLE 1. Parameters involved in determining the LLLT “medicine” IRRADIATION PARAMETERS (The Medicine) Irradiation Unit of Parameter measurement Comment Wavelength Irradiance Pulse structure Coherence Polarisation nm W/cm2 Peak Power (W) Pulse freq (Hz) Pulse Width (s) Duty cycle (%) Coherence length depends on spectral bandwidth Linear polarized or circular polarized Light is electromagnetic energy which travels in discrete packets that also have a wave-like property. Wavelength is measure in nanometres (nm) and is visible in the 400-700 nm range. Often called Intensity, or Power Density and is calculated as Irradiance = Power (W)/Area (cm2) If the beam is pulsed then the Power should be the Average Power and calculated as follows: Average Power (W) = Peak Power (W) × pulse width (s) × pulse frequency (Hz) Coherent light produces laser speckle, which has been postulated to play a role in the photobiomodulation interaction with cells and subcellular organelles. Polarized light may have different effects than otherwise identical non-polarized light (or even 90-degree rotated polarized light). However, it is known that polarized light is rapidly scrambled in highly scattering media such as tissue (probably in the first few hundred μm). sources however we believe we have captured the main elements with some comment on others. Energy (J) or energy density (J/cm2) is often used as an important descriptor of LLLT dose, but this neglects the fact that energy has two components, power and time, Energy (J) = Power (W) × Time (s) and it has been demonstrated that there is not necessarily reciprocity between them; in other words, if the power doubled and the time is halved then the same energy is delivered but a different biological response is often observed. It is our view LLLT is best described as two separate sets of parameters; (a) The medicine (irradiation parameters) (b) The dose (time) This paper will mainly focus on irradiance and time, as it is beyond the scope of this paper to report in detail on the response to all aspectsPDF Image | BIPHASIC DOSE RESPONSE IN LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY
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