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Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy TABLE 3. Comparison of different irradiances and fluences of 810-nm laser on differentiation of normal human neural progenitor cells. Cells received light once a day for three days and neurite outgrowth was measured. Anders et al. 2007 Average Summed Neurite Length Parameters 1 mW/cm2 5 mW/cm2 15 mW/cm2 19 mW/cm2 25 mW/cm2 50 mW/cm2 0.01J/cm2 NS NS — NS — — 0.05 J/cm2 NS NS NS S S NS 0.2J/cm2 NS NS NS S S S 1J/cm2 NS NS NS NS NS S NS: No statistical difference. S: Groups significantly greater than Factors group. (One way ANOVA *p<0.01, **p<0.001) Four different biological models were used: luminol-amplified chemilu- minescence measured in nucleated cells of murine spleen (splenocytes), bone marrow (karyocytes), and murine blood and adhesion of HeLa cells cultivated in vitro. The peaks coincided for all four models. Anders con- ducted the widest ranging in-vitro study (on normal human neural pro- genitor cells) with four different energy density groups, each group test- ed across a range of six different irradiance parameters (Anders et al. 2007) Table 3. In 1979 Ginsbach found that laser stimulation of wound closure had “no reciprocity relation”. His controlled experiments on rats with He-Ne laser at an energy density of 4 J/cm2 found stimulation at an irradiance of 45 mW/cm2 but not at 12.4 mW/cm2 (Ginsbach 1979). Uri Oron (Oron et al. 2001a) showed different reductions of infarct size after induced heart attacks in rats. Keeping energy density constant and vary- ing the irradiance he found that the beneficial effects were maximumal at 5 mW/cm2 and significantly less effect both at lower irradiances (2.5 mW/cm2) and also at higher irradiances (25 mW/cm2). Ray Lanzafame (Lanzafame et al. 2007) conducted a study varying irradiance and inter- val on laser-induced healing of pressure ulcers in mice. Energy density (5 J/cm2) was fixed but four different irradiance (0.7 – 40 mW/cm2) param- eters were tested with a significant improvement only occurring for 8 mW/cm2 We know of only one human clinical trial which varied irradiance but this trial kept treatment time the same so energy density (J/cm2) did not remain the same. This RCT by Hashimoto on the treatment of the stellate ganglion to reduce pain in patients with post herpetic neuralgia of the facial type. This study compared the effects of 830-nm lasers delivering 60 mW, 150 mW and placebo, each applied for 3 minutes to the anterior aspect of the lateral process of the 7th cervical vertebrae. Each patientPDF Image | BIPHASIC DOSE RESPONSE IN LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY
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