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Biphasic Dose Response in LLLT – An Update 607 TABLE 1. Biphasic dose response studies of LLLT in vitro. Year Cells Laser characteristics Fluence Irradiance Reference Mester et al. 1978 1978 Lymphocytes in vitro 1990 Macrophage cell lines 820nm Laser; 120mW/cm2; 2.4J/ cm2 to 9.6J/cm2 820nm Laser; 2.4J/cm2 or 7.2J/cm2; 400mW/ cm2 or 800mW/ cm2 “threshold phenomenon” Cell proliferation: Maximum at 7.2J/cm2 least at 9.6J/cm2 Bolton et al. 1990 Bolton et al. 1991 (U-937) 1991 Macrophage cell lines cell proliferation increased at 400mW/ cm2; Cell viability reduced at 800mW/cm2 (U-937) 1994 Human oral mucosal fibroblast cells 2001 Chinese hamster ovar y 812nm laser; 4.5mW/cm2; Cell proliferation peak at 0.45 J/cm2; less at 1.422J/cm2 Cell proliferation peak at 0.18 J/cm2; less at 0.6J/cm2. Cell proliferation maximum at 0.88 J/cm2; reduced at 8.68 J/cm2 Cell proliferation bigger at 2 treatments/day Loevschall and Arenholt-Bindslev 1994 al-Watban and Andres 2001 and human fibroblast cells 2003 human fibroblast cells He-Ne laser;1.25 mW/cm2; 0.06 to 0.6J/cm2 628nm LED; 11.46 mW/cm2; 0, 0.44, 0.88, 2.00, 4.40, and 8.68 J /cm2 Zhang et al. 2003 Brondon et al. 2005 2005 Human HEP-2 and murine L-929 cell lines 670 nm LED; 5 J/cm2 per treatment; Total 50J/cm2/day; 1 to 4 treatments/day wavelength range of 580–860 nm 632.8nm laser; 2mW/cm2; 0.5, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 J/cm2 2005 Hela cells 2005 Wounded fibroblasts DNA synthesis rate maximum at 0.1 J/cm2 with 0.8 mW/cm2 Cell proliferation maximum at a single dose of 2.5J/cm2; Cellular damage at 10J/cm2 Karu and Kolyakov 2005 2006 Wounded fibroblasts 2006 Wounded fibroblasts 632.8nm laser; 5.0 J/ cm2 or 16J/ cm2 Cell proliferation and cell viability increased at 5 J/cm2; decreased at 10 and 16 J/cm2 Cell migration and proliferation increased at a single dose of Hawkins and Abrahamse 2006a 2007 Human Neural Progenitor Cells (NHNPCs) 810nm; 0.2J/ cm2; 50mW/cm2 and 100mW/ cm2 810nm laser_1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 J/cm2 Neurite outgrowth greater at 50mW/cm2; less at 100mW/cm2 Anders et al. 2007 Yamaura et al. 2009 2009 Rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes Cell proliferation increased at 5 J/cm2 (16.7 mW/cm2); Lower at 50 J/cm2 NF-κB activation maximum at 0.3 J/cm2; decreased at 3 J/cm2 and 30 J/cm2 2009 Mouse embr yonic fibroblasts 810nm laser; 0.003,0.03,0.3,3 or 30J/cm2 Chen et al. 2009 632.8nm laser; 5.0 J/cm2 or 16J/cm2 Hawkins and Abrahamse 2006b 5.0 J/cm2 and two or three doses of 2.5 J/cm2; inhibited at 16 J/cm2 Hawkins and Abrahamse 2005PDF Image | BIPHASIC DOSE RESPONSE IN LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY AN UPDATE
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