PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
plants Article Blue Light added with Red LEDs Enhance Growth Characteristics, Pigments Content, and Antioxidant Capacity in Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Basil, and Sweet Pepper in a Controlled Environment Most Tahera Naznin 1,*, Mark Lefsrud 2, Valerie Gravel 3 and Md Obyedul Kalam Azad 4 1 2 3 Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 103-23053 Alnarp, Sweden Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada; mark.lefsrud@mcgill.ca Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada; valerie.gravel@mcgill.ca Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; azadokalam@gmail.com 4 * Correspondence: naznin.most.tahera@slu.se; Tel.: +46-40-415019 Received: 16 March 2019; Accepted: 4 April 2019; Published: 8 April 2019 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the different combinations of red (R) and blue (B) light emitting diode (LEDs’) lighting effects on growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity in lettuce, spinach, kale, basil, and pepper in a growth chamber. The growth chamber was equipped with R and B light percentages based on total light intensity: 83% R + 17% B; 91% R + 9% B; 95% R + 5% B; and control was 100% R. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), photoperiod, temperature, and relative humidity of the growth chamber were maintained at 200 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1, 16 h, 25/21 ± 2.5 ◦C, and 65 ± 5%, respectively. It is observed that the plant height of lettuce, kale, and pepper was significantly increased under 100% R light, whereas the plant height of spinach and basil did not show any significant difference. The total leaf number of basil and pepper was significantly increased under the treatment of 95% R + 5% B light, while no significant difference was observed for other plant species in the same treatment. Overall, the fresh and dry mass of the studied plants was increased under 91% R + 9% B and 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The significantly higher flower and fruit numbers of pepper were observed under the 95% R + 5% B treatment. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content of lettuce, spinach, basil, and pepper was significantly increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment while the chlorophyll content of kale was increased under the 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The total carotenoid content of lettuce and spinach was higher in the 91% R + 9% B treatment whereas the carotenoid content of kale, basil, and pepper was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment. The antioxidant capacity of the lettuce, spinach, and kale was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment while basil and pepper were increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment. This result indicates that the addition of B light is essential with R light to enhance growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity of the vegetable plant in a controlled environment. Moreover, the percentage of B with R light is plant species dependent. Keywords: blue LED; red LED; lettuce; spinach; basil; kale; pepper; growth; antioxidant; pigment 1. Introduction Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth, development, and plant metabolites’ accumulation [1]. Specific wavelengths of light have precise effects on plants. For Plants 2019, 8, 93; doi:10.3390/plants8040093 www.mdpi.com/journal/plantsPDF Image | Blue Light added with Red LEDs Enhance Growth Characteristics
PDF Search Title:
Blue Light added with Red LEDs Enhance Growth CharacteristicsOriginal File Name Searched:
plants-08-00093.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Cruise Ship Reviews | Luxury Resort | Jet | Yacht | and Travel Tech More Info
Cruising Review Topics and Articles More Info
Software based on Filemaker for the travel industry More Info
The Burgenstock Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
Resort Reviews: World Class resorts... More Info
The Riffelalp Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@cruisingreview.com | RSS | AMP |