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plants grown under a combination of R with B LEDs showed greater total yields and fruit numbers in comparison with 100% R light [17]. The higher growth and fresh mass of the pepper plants indicates the plants’ good health and fruiting potentiality, thus increasing the number of flowers and fruits of the plants. This may be the result of the maximum photosynthetic efficiency of plants grown Pulnandtse2r0R19,a8n, d93 B LED, because the spectral energy distribution of R and B light coincides with th7aotf o12f the pigment absorption [38]. 8 6 4 2cc 0 83 % R + 17 % B 91 % R + 9 % B 95 % R + 5 % B 100 % R b a Figure 3. The effect of different percentages of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs on the fruit number of the Figure 3. The effect of different percentages of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs on the fruit number of sweet pepper. Bars represent the standard deviation (n = 6). Values with different letters are the sweet pepper. Bars represent the standard deviation (n = 6). Values with different letters are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). OThuer Rstuadnyd sBholwigehdt ctohmatbsiingantiofincaanltlloywheidghaerhfligohwererpahnodtosfryunithneutimc abcetrisviwtyertehaonbs1e0r0v%edRunlidgehrt c[3o9m,4b0i]n.aAtiopnrseovfioRuBslisgtuhdtyinrceopmorptaedristohnatwRithli1g0h0t%enRhlaignhcet.dAthperesvtiaoruchssctoundtyensthobwyeidnhthibaittipnegpptheer ptrlanstslogcraotwionuonfdpehroatocsoymntbhiantaetsioonuotfoRftwheitlheaBvLeEs,Dwshsihcohwmeadyghreaavteratnoteaglaytiveledismapnadcftrounittnhuemnbuemrsbienr coofmflopwareisrsonanwditfhru1i0t0p%roRdulicgthiotn[1[74]1.].The higher growth and fresh mass of the pepper plants indicates the plants’ good health and fruiting potentiality, thus increasing the number of flowers and fruits of the plants. This may be the result of the maximum photosynthetic efficiency of plants grown under R and B LED, because the spectral energy distribution of R and B light coincides with that of the pigment absorption [38]. The R and B light combination allowed a higher photosynthetic activity than 100% R light [39,40]. A previous study reported that R light enhanced the starch content by inhibiting the translocation of photosynthates out of the leaves, which may have a negative impact on the number of flowers and fruit production [41]. 3.2. Effect of Different Combinations of Red and Blue Light on the Accumulation of Plants’ Pigment Content, and Antioxidant Capacity 3.2.1. Chlorophyll (chl) and Carotenoid Content Plants cultured under a different percentage of R and B LEDs had an impact on pigment accumulation (Table 2). The chl a, chl b and total chl content increased with increasing of B light (Table 2). In lettuce and basil, the chl a, chl b, and total chl accumulation increased with the increase of B light in the 91% R + 9% B treatment. Therefore, the increased accumulation of chl a, chl b, and total chl in lettuce and basil under the 91% R + 9% B treatment was determined in comparison with the 100% R treatment. The total chl accumulation in lettuce and basil was 1.2 and 1.3 times higher when plants were cultured under the 91% R + 9% B treatment, respectively, compared with the 100% R treatment. In spinach, kale, and pepper, the total chl accumulation was 1.3, 1.3, and 1.3 times higher when plants were cultured under the 95% R + 5% B treatment, respectively, compared with the 100% red treatment. Fruit number/ plantPDF Image | Blue Light added with Red LEDs Enhance Growth Characteristics
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