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Nocturnal Ingestions Nocturnal ingestions occur when a person wakes from sleep and ingests what is typically a small amount of food (O’Reardon & Ringel et al., 2004). A person with NES often feels it is necessary to consume food in order to return to sleep (Allison et al., 2009). As described in a self-help book by Allison, Stunkard, and Their (2004), most patients report getting up at similar times during the night in order to eat. They report a lack of control over their eating behavior as well as extreme distress if they feel they will be unable to eat. If an attempt is made to avoid eating upon awakening, patients report they are unable to get back to sleep until they “give in” and consume their snack. Once the patient has eaten their snack they report being able to return to sleep easily. This pattern often persists night after night and may become more severe in nature the longer the night eating behavior continues (Allison et al., 2004), creating a cycle the causes significant distress. Nocturnal ingestions can co-occur with evening hyperphagia but two or more awakenings with nocturnal ingestions per week are required to receive a diagnosis of NES if evening hyperphagia is absent (Allison et al., 2010). In a study comparing night eaters to a control group, night time awakenings were significantly more frequent in night eaters (3.6 vs. 0.3, p < .001) (Birkevedt et al., 1999). Fifty- two percent of nocturnal awakenings resulted in the consumption of food in the night eaters and 0% of the nocturnal awakenings in the control group were associated with nocturnal ingestions (Birkevedt et al., 1999). In a study comparing people with NES to matched controls, those with NES consumed food 74% of the time upon awakening vs. 0% in the control group (O’Reardon & Ringel et al., 2004). Furthermore, Lundgren et al. (2008a) found non-obese people with NES reported a significantly higher amount of nocturnal awakenings with ingestions of food (9.6 ± 7.8) compared to non-obese people without NES (0.1 ± 0.2). 5PDF Image | BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPY FOR late NIGHT EATING SYNDRome
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