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Hypothesis One A paired sample t-test was used to test the hypothesis that scores from the NESS would significantly improve over the course of light therapy. This hypothesis was supported. Results showed a statistically significant difference in mean NESS scores before and after light therapy with moderate to large effect sizes; see Table 8. Scores decreased an overall average of 9.47 points following a 14-day administration of light therapy of 60 minute duration. Participants reported a 47% reduction of weekly nocturnal ingestions (t = 2.68, p = .02) from pre- to post-treatment. This was assessed through self-report from the following question on the NESS: “When you got up in the middle of the night, how many times total did you snack in the past week?” Nocturnal ingestions of food decreased on average from 3.47 times per week to 1.83 times per week after treatment. Paired sample t-tests were used to further assess specific NES symptoms measured on the NESS. Results indicate that following symptoms significantly improved: reduction in cravings or urges to eat snacks after supper, but before bedtime (Evening Cravings), increased control over eating between supper and bedtime (Evening Control), reduction in amount of food consumed after suppertime (EH), reduced problems getting to sleep at night (Sleep Trouble), reduction in total awakenings (Total Awakenings), reduction in nocturnal ingestions (NI), reduced cravings or urges to eat when awake at night (Night Cravings), reduced need to eat in order to get back to sleep when awake at night (Need To Eat), increase in control over eating when up at night (Night Control), and reduced feelings of being blue or down in the dumps (Blue). Table 8 provides mean pre- and post-treatment scores reflecting specific symptoms assessed by the NESS. Items are scored on a 0-4 scale, with 4 indicating more severe NES symptoms. 44PDF Image | BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPY FOR late NIGHT EATING SYNDRome
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