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MINDFULNESS AND UVB IN THE TREATMENT OF MODERATE PSORIASIS 9 that are not necessarily dangerous, but they are interpreted as a threat in our thoughts, perceptions and judgements. In daily life, we encounter events which can be physical and psychological, threatening challenging or something totally irrelevant. These judgements are primary appraisals accordingly to the model of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) (Lovallo, 2015). The primary appraisal is likely there for keeping us away from any immediate danger, by planning and adapting accordingly. The threat is founded on the primary beliefs of how the world should be and our commitments to courses of action. The secondary appraisal is the evaluation of our options in terms of coping with the threat. Lazarus and Folkman have defined coping behaviors as problem focused and emotion focused coping. Problem focused is about changing the issue directly, with behavior to change the event, or alter the beliefs and commitments. Emotional-focused strategies are about reaching out for psychological resources to alter the magnitude of the emotional response, rather than changing the event itself (Lovallo, 2015). The psychological response in emotional-focused coping leads to biological responses, which influence the autonomic nervous system, endocrine, and the immune system. The effects of the biological response of stress will then, contribute to the primary beliefs as it would be with experiences of stress (Lovallo, 2015). The two sets of copings have its limitations and strengths. Problem-focused seems to have major limitations in the matter of time and energy required to cope with the event, but it probably diminish the stressor value. An example is stress at work, and by being problem-focused with removing yourself from work it would reduce your stress, but it would be a change with cost. Emotional focused coping is less time consuming, though it tends to reduce coping resources and no influence on the event itself. In particular in stressful situations, where the stressor can’t be changed or alter, is it perhaps more suitable to change the relation to the stressor with emotional-coping and in that process change the belief about the stressor at next encounter (Lovallo, 2015). Stress reduction and Mindfulness Mindfulness is originated from Buddhism and may be at least 2550 years old tradition (Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011). In the western society, Mindfulness is rather more new phenomena, as it was first studied as an intervention in medical and mental health settings during the beginning of 1970. The word mindfulness may describe a psychological trait, a practice of propagating mindfulness (Mindfulness meditation), a state of awareness, or a mental process (Keng et al., 2011). Most literature defines mindfulness as a non-judgmental attention to experiences in the present moment (Shigaki, Glass, & Schopp, 2006). ThePDF Image | Combining Mindfulness and Ultraviolet Phototherapy (UVB
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