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Foods 2018, 7, 174 Foods 2018, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 10 2 of 10 Figure 1. Chemical structures of isoflavones. Figure 1. Chemical structures of isoflavones. Artificial light emitting diode (LED) light are being extensively used in controlled production Artificial light emitting diode (LED) light are being extensively used in controlled production system in order to improve the plant food quality. Light quality directly influences plant growth and system in order to improve the plant food quality. Light quality directly influences plant growth and chemical composition; therefore, it can be used as an external stimuli to obtain vegetal material with chemical composition; therefore, it can be used as an external stimuli to obtain vegetal material with tailored composition [4]. The effects of LED illumination in sprout cultivation has been investigated tailored composition [4]. The effects of LED illumination in sprout cultivation has been investigated in several species, such as Brassica spp. [5], pea, broccoli, mustard, borage, amaranth, kale, beet, in several species, such as Brassica spp. [5], pea, broccoli, mustard, borage, amaranth, kale, beet, parsley [6], and buckwheat [7]. parsley [6], and buckwheat [7]. Artificial blue LED light enhance secondary metabolites, such as ascorbate, total phenolic, Artificial blue LED light enhance secondary metabolites, such as ascorbate, total phenolic, anthocyanin, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity in basil [6]. Blue light is more efficiently anthocyanin, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity in basil [6]. Blue light is more efficiently absorbed by photosynthetic pigments than other spectral regions. Sun et al. [7] found that blue absorbed by photosynthetic pigments than other spectral regions. Sun et al. [7] found that blue light light drive CO2 fixation primarily in the upper palisade mesophyll while green light penetrates drive CO2 fixation primarily in the upper palisade mesophyll while green light penetrates deeper and deeper and drives CO2 fixation in the lower palisade and upper spongy mesophyll. Green light is drives CO2 fixation in the lower palisade and upper spongy mesophyll. Green light is not directly not directly involved in photosynthesis—however, it may affect plant growth and the synthesis of involved in photosynthesis—however, it may affect plant growth and the synthesis of endogenous endogenous substances [8]. Swatz et al. [9] suggested that the effects of green light on plant growth substances [8]. Swatz et al. [9] suggested that the effects of green light on plant growth and and development are similar to those of blue light. Similar positive effects of blue and green light on development are similar to those of blue light. Similar positive effects of blue and green light on plant plant growth, such as photosynthetic capacity and phytochemical production, have been reported on growth, such as photosynthetic capacity and phytochemical production, have been reported on various plants [10,11]. various plants [10,11]. Several reports have shown that the far infrared (FIR) enhanced nutritional quality of the plant Several reports have shown that the far infrared (FIR) enhanced nutritional quality of the plant foods viz. Chinese herbs, peanut, citrus cakes [12]. Plant secondary metabolites are present as a strong foods viz. Chinese herbs, peanut, citrus cakes [12]. Plant secondary metabolites are present as a strong intermolecular covalently bound form with long chain of polymer [13]. The high penetration power intermolecular covalently bound form with long chain of polymer [13]. The high penetration power of FIR helps the exudation of chemical components in the plant cells and thereby altering biological of FIR helps the exudation of chemical components in the plant cells and thereby altering biological activity [14]. It is well documented that FIR liberate and activate low-molecular-weighted natural activity [14]. It is well documented that FIR liberate and activate low-molecular-weighted natural antioxidants in plants [15,16]. Previous researchers studied that FIR significantly increased free radical antioxidants in plants [15,16]. Previous researchers studied that FIR significantly increased free scavenging capacity in citrus press-cakes and total phenolic content in buckwheat sprouts [17,18]. radical scavenging capacity in citrus press-cakes and total phenolic content in buckwheat sprouts However, there is not many data available on artificial LED light and FIR effect on phenolic content [17,18]. and antioxidant capacity of soybean sprouts either growing or processing stage, respectively. Therefore, However, there is not many data available on artificial LED light and FIR effect on phenolic the objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of LED light and FIR on the accumulation and content and antioxidant capacity of soybean sprouts either growing or processing stage, respectively. induce of bioactive compounds in soybean sprouts during growing and processing, respectively. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of LED light and FIR on the accumulation and induce of bioactive compounds in soybean sprouts during growing and 2. Materials and Methods processing, respectively. 2.1. Plant Growth Conditions and LED Light Application 2. Materials and Methods Soybean (Glycin max L. var. Seoritae) seeds were ringed with cold water and soaked for 24 h. Then the cleaned seeds were put into a planter having small holes in the bottom. The planter was put 2.1. Plant Growth Conditions and LED Light Application in the dark growth chamber. Artificial blue (450–495 nm), green (510–550 nm) LED (Green Power LED Soybean (Glycin max L. var. Seoritae) seeds were ringed with cold water and soaked for 24 h. Production module. Philips, Poland) and florescent lamps (as a control) were turned on to soybean Then the cleaned seeds were put into a planter having small holes in the bottom. The planter was put in the dark growth chamber. Artificial blue (450–495 nm), green (510–550 nm) LED (Green PowerPDF Image | Effect of Artificial LED Light and Far Infrared Irradiation on soybean
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