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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview Orthodontic treatment typically lasts approximately two years. Extended treatment duration can be associated with increased risks of root resorption, periodontal disease, caries and changes or loss of patient motivation (Mizrahi, 2010; Krishnan et al., 2007; Sergl et al., 2000). Increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) could reduce these risks. Additionally, the scheduling associated with multiple clinic visits to receive orthodontic treatment can become challenging for patients due to time away from school, work, extracurricular and recreational activities, etc. Improvements in treatment efficiency can help to alleviate these challenges. Various attempts to increase the rate of OTM have been investigated (da Silva Sousa et al, 2011; Showkatbakhsh et al., 2010; Bartzela et al., 2009; Seifi et al., 2007; Youssef et al., 2008; Cruz et al., 2004; Seifi et al, 2003; Hashimoto et al., 2001; Soma et al., 2000; Kobayashi et al., 1998, Spielmann et al., 1989; Yamasaki et al., 1984). This study focused on determining if light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy could accelerate tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. As the effects of LED phototherapy on OTM in humans have not been previously described, this study will lay a foundation for understanding the effects of LED phototherapy on OTM rate. This study will offer opportunities to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie OTM. Within dentistry, these findings can be applied to all branches of oral health concerned with disease management, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, these findings will support the development of further research opportunities into the cell and molecular responses to LED phototherapy and phototherapy as a 1PDF Image | Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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