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27 intra-rater reliability was >0.98. Based on this high degree of reliability, the first data set was used for all further statistical analysis. For both groups the average extraction space size at the first measured time point (T0) was similar, with the LED group at 5.24mm compared to the control group at 5.08mm (Figure 3.2). In general, it was noted that for both groups the amount of space was smaller at each subsequent orthodontic visit (Figure 3.2), indicating that the extraction space was closing as expected in both control and LED groups. However, between the groups, no statistical difference was found between the extraction space sizes at T0 (LED=5.24mm, control=5.08mm), T1 (LED=3.64mm, control=3.3mm) or T2 (LED=2.75mm, control=2.95mm) (Figure 3.2, p=0.5066). 3.5 The Change in Extraction Space Size Over Time with Orthodontic Tooth Movement In order to compare the rate of OTM (mm/d), the changes in the extraction space size over time were compared at each time point (Figure 3.3). A repeated measures comparison of the average amount of tooth movement from the start of the experiment (T0) to T1 and from T1 to T2 showed that both groups exhibited similar average rates of tooth movement throughout the study. There was no statistical difference in the average OTM rates for both time points with a rate of tooth movement of 0.04mm/d for both groups at T1 and 0.04mm/d and 0.05mm/d for the control and LED groups, respectively at T2 (Figure 3.3). To account for the fact that the recall interval (time between T0 to T1 and T1 to T2) was different for each patient, a linear modeled repeated measures analysis comparing the individual changes in extraction space size over time with OTM of the LED-treated and control sides of each patient was conducted (Figure 3.4). In all cases except one, there was a reduction inPDF Image | Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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