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40 (1.2mm/mos). Similar biomechanical protocols to the one used in this study have been reported to produce dental tipping limited to <11◦ over the 2 months study period during canine retraction (Cruz et al., 2004). The force level used in this study and the observed OTM were comparable to most of the studies reported in the literature. For example, a generally accepted level of force of 150g has been reported to produce movement of 0.76-2.044mm/mos, with the majority reported between 0.076-1.064mm/month (Youssef et al., 2008). It has also been reported that 150g and 200g of force from nickel titanium (NiTi) coils were similar in their efficiency at space closure and that this method was equivalent in efficiency to elastomeric powerchain but more efficient than closing loops (Barlow and Kula, 2008). The choice of 150g of force represents the upper range of acceptable force level for single tooth (eg. canine) retraction to facilitate frontal resorption and is consistent with the force levels used in prior studies showing the effect of LLLT on OTM (Doshi-Mehta and Bhad-Patil, 2011; da Silva Sousa et al., 2009; Youssef et al., 2008; Proffit et al., 2007; Masella and Meister, 2006; Cruz et al., 2004). To account for the possibility that the change in extraction space over time with OTM was affected by hyalinization, the data analysis was performed with considerations for temporal variations in OTM (see Results, Figures 3.4, 3.5 & 3.6). However, these analyses did not show any differential effects on the rate of OTM with time, indication that significant hyalinization did not hinder the rate of OTM in this study. This study illustrated that IR-LED phototherapy did not appear to have any significant effect on the rate of OTM in the sample population in this study. The results were consistent with 2 similar human studies, but contrasted with some other studies where LLLT was used to accelerate tooth movement (Genc et al., 2012; Doshi-Mehta and Bhad-Patil, 2011; da Silva Sousa et al., 2009; Kocoglu-Altan et al., 2009; Youssef et al., 2008; Limpanichkul et al., 2006; Cruz et al., 2004).PDF Image | Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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