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43 2000; Luger et al., 1998). Although it is possible that the thickness of the soft tissues of the cheek interfered with the light penetration into the alveolar tissue, preliminary studies by the manufacturer of the LED device have shown that the LED light does penetrate the cheek adequately to reach the alveolar bone (see device settings description in the Materials and Methods). Also, studies have shown that thermal penetration is relatively constant despite differences in light penetration, resulting in a given volume of tissue showing phototherapy- induced thermal changes in excess of the volume of tissue that had absorbed light (Stolik et al., 2011). B) LED device compliance Another possibility for the lack of observable effects of LED phototherapy on OTM is that patient compliance was unacceptable. The study protocol relied on 2 measures to account for compliance. The first method used a data log in the LED device. This mechanism only recorded completed LED phototherapy cycles. Furthermore, the device has face detection software that detected light reflected from the skin once the LED arrays were in place. This ensured that the device was used. To augment the compliance data, a manual log was kept by each patient. These manual logs matched perfectly with the device logs, confirming that the compliance rate was accurate. The results indicated that on average, patients completed the prescribed LED phototherapy protocol with an 80% success rate. This rate is within the recommendations of the manufacturer who at a minimum requested use every other day, if not for the idea regime of once per day. In other words, the proposed therapeutic window was between 50-100% compliance of the prescribed usage. This is consistent with previous proposals which state that it is the total amount of phototherapy received that is essential to induce biostimulation (Abi-Ramia et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2009) but also that a certain energyPDF Image | Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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