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44 threshold must be met for a biostimulatory effect to be seen- i.e., The Arndt-Schultz Law (see Introduction, Figure 1.1) (Kim et al., 2009). However, it is not known if the dose and/or duration of light received at each light exposure in this study contributed to biostimulation. Furthermore, it is possible that the therapeutic range was incorrect and that a shorter or longer total LED exposure either on a daily basis or occurring from earlier on in orthodontic treatment could yield an effect on OTM. C) TemporaleffectofLEDphototherapy With respect to the cumulative effect of LED phototherapy, the literature on the temporal effects of phototherapy is limited. Da Sousa Silva et al. (2011) described a decreasing trend of effectiveness of laser therapy on the rate of OTM in a 3 month clinical study but their canines were retracted on a less rigid wire than in this study and would therefore be more susceptible to dental tipping, a potentially complicating variable in the assessment of OTM. However, others have cited a peak OTM velocity at 7 of 8 weeks of laser therapy in dogs (Kim et al., 2009). To assess if the total LED light received had any effect, the average rates of OTM at days 20, 45, 60 and 80 as a function of total LED received were extrapolated and analyzed. This analysis did not indicate any significant difference in OTM rates with IR-LED phototherapy, suggesting that the cumulative effect of the LED was not influential on OTM over a 3 month period. These findings also indicated that any initially contributions of dental tipping as a confounding variable in the rate of OTM were controlled for by the biomechanical protocol. D) AgeandsexdependenteffectsofLEDphototherapy Although LLLT has been shown to increase the rate of OTM, no prior studies on IR- LED-mediated phototherapy have been reported in humans. It was possible that alterations inPDF Image | Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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