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45 OTM may have been linked to an LED phototherapeutic effect which was dependent on age or sex. The data and statistical analysis included the factors of age and sex as potential contributing variables but no significant effects were found. In this study the average age of the patient population and sex distribution indicate that the study sample would be expected to be peri- puberal and of a relatively high metabolic activity (in contrast to an older adult population). It is well known that metabolism and cellular activity changes with increased age and that pubertal hormone changes occur during teenage years. Studies have shown these changes as well as increases in fibrosis and decreases in elasticity within periodontal tissues (Ryan et al., 1974; Reitan et al., 1985 & 1964). Given that studies looking at the effect of LED phototherapy and LLLT have credited biostimulatory effects to increases in cell metabolism, activity and proliferation with therapeutic benefits in tissue repair and OTM, it may be possible that the patient sample demonstrated an already high metabolism that would not show a significant benefit from the biostimulatory effects of the LED phototherapy. If this were the case the findings of this study would suggest that LED phototherapy has different effects from LLLT or that variations in dose of concentration can produce different biological effects. Also, another possibility could be that the effect of LED phototherapy would be appreciated in an older patient population whose metabolic rate is lower than that of a younger individual. 4.5 Future Directions Although well designed, this study was challenged by logistical limitations in patient recruitment and a lack of a known dose-effect relationship of the LED phototherapy and phototherapy as a whole. The results indicate that the rate of OTM was very similar between the control and IR-LED phototherapy treated groups. A larger sample size would permit morePDF Image | Effect of LED Phototherapy on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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