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Effects of 670 nm Photobiomodulation in Macular Degeneration

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Effects of 670 nm Photobiomodulation in Macular Degeneration ( effects-670-nm-photobiomodulation-macular-degeneration )

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J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1001 10 of 13 Table 5. Change in cone function outcome measures; photopic 28.3Hz flicker ERGs amplitude and timing. Photopic Flicker Timing (ms) Mean (SD); n iAMD with no SDD Change from Baseline Mean (SE) Adjusted Difference between Groups (95% CI) Healthy ageing iAMD with SDD Healthy ageing iAMD with no SDD iAMD with SDD iAMD with no SDD vs HA p-value iAMDwith SDD vs HA p-value Baseline 27.80 28.33 28.20 - - - - - - - 1 Month 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months Photopic flicker Amplitude (μV) (1.28); 11 27.89 (1.00); 11 27.63 (1.50); 12 27.81 (0.97); 10 27.99 (0.82); 12 Healthy ageing (1.29); 13 28.44 (0.92); 14 28.22 (0.78); 14 28.59 (1.09); 12 29.01 (1.22); 14 Mean (SD); n iAMD with no SDD (1.16); 8 28.74 (1.37); 7 28.70 (0.95); 7 28.23 (0.99); 6 29.43 (1.14); 7 iAMD with SDD 0.03 −0.20 (0.29) (0.27) −0.30 −0.20 (0.28) (0.26) −0.20 0.22 (0.30) (0.27) 0.06 0.55 (0.28) (0.26) 0.13 (0.35) −0.09 (0.35) −0.16 (0.37) 0.86 (0.35) −0.22 (−1.01–0.56) 0.09 (−0.67–0.86) 0.42 (−0.38–1.22) 0.48 (−0.28–1.24) 0.569 0.10 (−0.80–1.00) 0.805 0.20 (−0.69–1.09) 0.302 0.04 (−0.90–0.98) 0.210 0.80 (−0.09–1.69) 0.827 0.649 0.937 0.077 Baseline 14.21 16.75 14.24 - - - - - - - 1 Month 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months 3.4. Compliance (5.92); 11 15.04 (7.86); 11 12.39 (7.74); 12 12.77 (4.84); 10 10.88 (4.03); 12 (7.41); 13 15.64 (7.36); 14 15.42 (5.47); 14 14.63 (5.66); 12 14.32 (5.91); 14 (4.44); 8 17.59 (4.77); 7 14.16 (3.64); 7 14.40 (5.98); 6 12.43 (5.88); 7 1.18 −0.08 (1.65) (1.53) −1.61 0.72 (1.60) (1.49) −0.29 −0.90 (1.70) (1.55) −3.12 −1.21 (1.60) (1.50) 2.64 (1.99) −0.19 (1.99) −0.29 (2.10) −1.87 (2.00) −1.26 (−5.72–3.10) 2.33 (−2.01–6.68) −0.61 (−5.17–3.95) 1.91 (−2.43–6.26) 0.575 1.46 (−3.66–6.59) 0.289 1.42 (−3.65–6.49) 0.791 0.00 (−5.35–5.35) 0.385 1.25 (−3.82–6.33) 0.573 0.580 1.000 0.626 Change from baseline Mean (SE) Adjusted difference between groups (95% CI) Healthy ageing iAMD with no SDD iAMD with SDD iAMD with no SDD vs HA p-value iAMD with SDD vs HA P-value iAMD = intermediate AMD; SDD = subretinal drusenoid deposits; HA=healthy ageing Compliance was high with 85% of participants declaring their use of the light therapy consistently at the same time every morning with less than five missed days a month. 3.5. Adverse Events There were no device-related serious adverse events in this study. There was no difference between the two groups in the proportion of participants with systemic or ocular (in the study eye) serious adverse events or adverse events unrelated to the progression of late AMD. Two patients in the AMD group progressed to neovascular AMD during the study. These patients presented with asymptomatic subretinal fluid. 4. Discussion This pilot study shows that 670 nm photobiomodulation does not have a positive impact on any of the visual function parameters or outer retinal structures in eyes with iAMD with or without SDD over a period of 12 months. Moreover, there was no difference in changes in visual function and structure between healthy eyes and iAMD. However, in healthy ageing, rod function appears to improve by 12 months with 670 nm light. The scotopic thresholds also increased by 12 months. The rod-recovery

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