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3.4 Results CHAPTER 3 3.4.1 Red light penetrates the spinal cord It was first set out to demonstrate that red light can pass through superficial and deep structures underlying the dorsal exterior surface and penetrate the entire spinal cord (Figure 3.1). The penetrating light could be seen with the naked eye (example, Figure 3.1a-b). The dorsal surface of uninjured rats (n = 6) was exposed to the LED array and 670 nm light intensity measured at: the light source surface thorough the transparent treatment box which directly contacts the rat dorsum during treatment (Figure 3.1c, intensity at dorsal surface; 35.4 ± 0.05 mW/cm2), and the ventral surface of the spinal cord, where light had to pass through an additional ~10 mm of the animals’ tissues from dorsal surface (Figure 3.1c, intensity at ventral surface; 3.2 ± 0.6 mW/cm2). These data show that 91.1 ± 1.8% of the light from the LED array was absorbed/dispersed by the tissues between the dorsal surface of the animal and the ventral surface of the spinal cord (Figure 3.1c, black arrow). To indicate the approximate attenuation over the distance of light travelling from the light source through to the ventral spinal cord surface, the intensity at the approximate distance (10 mm) thorough the air was measured (33.0 ± 0.5 mW/cm2). This demonstrated that the expected attenuation (~7%) of light is negligible over the distance required to travel to the ventral surface of the cord. Figure 3.1 Externally applied red light penetrates through the entire rat spinal cord. (a) Photograph shows the ventral surface of the spinal cord following removal of the T10 vertebral body in a sacrificed rat. Topography of the vertebral column is shown centred around the 10th vertebral body under normal light conditions. (b) The identical region as shown in a, with a 670 nm LED array light source (35 mW/cm2) placed directly on the dorsum of the animal and with ambient lights switched off. Note the visible red light illuminating from the ventral surface of the cord (exposed, arrow) indicating excess penetration through dorsal layers of hair, skin, muscle, bone and spinal cord. (c) Intensities measured by a 670 nm power meter are shown for 6 63PDF Image | Effects of Red Light Treatment on Spinal Cord Injury
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