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CHAPTER 3 Microglia/Macrophages can adopt pro- or anti-inflammatory states (David and Kroner, 2011). To determine the effect of red light treatment on the expression of pro-inflammatory (M1) cells, cells co-expressing CD80 and ED1 were quantified as a proportion of total ED1+ cells (Figure 3.6e-h, n = 5 for each time point). The proportion of CD80+ED1+ cells ipsilateral to the injury was maximal at day 1 and remained greater than 40% of the ED1 population at days 3 and 7 in more than half of animals. CD80+ED1+ cells were only found at day 3 on the contralateral side which coincided with the maximum number of ED1+ cells at that time point. Red light treatment did not have a significant impact on the proportion of M1 cells on either the ipsi- or contralateral sides. Note that no CD80+ED1+ cells were encountered at days 1 and 7 contralateral to the injury as ED1+ cells were also in small quantities at these time points (Figure 3.6a). To determine the effect of red light treatment on the expression of anti-inflammatory/wound healing (M2) microglia/macrophages, ED1+ cells co-expressing Arginase-1 were quantified as a proportion of total ED1+ cells (Figure 3.6i-l, n = 5 for each time point). In the SCI group Arginase-1 expression increased with time ipsilateral to the injury (p = 0.0048, one way ANOVA), but peaked at day 3 contralateral to the injury at the time when most ED1+ cells were present in that region. Ipsilateral to the injury the SCI+670 group displayed significantly increased proportions of Arginase1+ED1+ cells from day 1, reaching approximately 7 fold that of the SCI group. This greater Arginase1+ED1+ proportion in light treated animals was maintained at over one third of ED1+ cells for the entire duration investigated for the majority of animals. No Arginase1+ED1+ cells were detected contralateral to the injury in the SCI+670 group, however, there were very few ED1+ cells in this region (Figure 3.6a). The group effect failed to reach significance contralateral to the injury (p=0.0628) despite a significantly greater level of Arginase1+ED1+ cells in the SCI group. 70PDF Image | Effects of Red Light Treatment on Spinal Cord Injury
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