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color balance. Though the filter designs were optimized for these constraints, we note that the design presented here is a proof of concept, and is not a unique or globally optimal solution. To reduce cost and manufacturing time, an off-the-shelf component (450LP RapidEdge, Omega Optical), was used for Filter 1. The optimized transmission function of Filter 2 was realized using 22 conventionalthin-filmtechnology ,withalternatinglayersofsiliconoxide(SiO2,n=1.46)andtantalum oxide (Ta2O5, n = 2.15) (Fig. 2a-b), deposited on an NBK7 glass substrate (see Methods). The two filters were then characterized by angle-dependent transmission spectroscopy, demonstrating that the transmission spectra are robust to incidence angles up to 5 away from the normal (Fig. 2c). Following fabrication, the filters were constructed into a pair of glasses. Experiments To test the performance of this design, we constructed a setup that generates metameric spectra using a liquid crystal display (LCD, True HD-IPS display on LG G3 smartphone) and a cathode ray tube (CRT, Dell E770P) monitor (Fig. 3a-b). The displays use different emission mechanisms, and thus produce distinct spectra when displaying the same color (See Supplementary Information for further analysis)23,24. Blocks of color generated by the displays were presented side by side using a 50/50 beam splitter, and the colors were individually adjusted until no perceivable color difference was present. The emission spectra of each monitor were recorded using a free-space spectrometer, allowing for chromaticity and color- difference calculations to be made given a standard observer. A threshold value of 2.3 for the CIE ΔE “just 25 noticeable difference” was taken to define perceptually indistinguishable spectra (i.e., ΔE < 2.3) . See Methods for further details of the experimental setup. One representative example from this dual-display setup, using a pair of metamers that appear purple, is shown in Fig. 3b-d. Without the use of either filter, the two different spectra appeared as identical patches of color. However, when observed through either of the filters, the two can be differentiated. 7PDF Image | Enhancing color vision by breaking binocular redundancy
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