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2 LITTERATURE REVIEW Malmö, one classroom is exposed to bright cold light throughout the day. In the beginning, many pupils complained, but after a period, only two pupils remained affected by the BLT, the teacher explains. Most pupils are pleased with the new bright light conditions, contributing to better concentration and alertness she explains. They do not believe that it is the light that causes the causes headaches and migraines in the two pupils. (#Appendix1, email from teacher) Trans cranial bright light (TBL) is a new way of receiving the light treat- ment, as new research (Jurvelin et al., 2014) provides evidence that the light can be obtained not only through the retina, but also through the thin tissue in the ears. TBL is different, because you can walk around with it, as a pair of LED-headphones. The results from Jurvelin et al, 2014 suggest antidepres- sant and anxiolytic (decreasing anxiety) effects on patients with SAD, but more research is required in the field. Patients experienced side effects as headaches, nausea and insomnia. (Jurvelin et al., 2014) 2.6.2 Circadian lighting A final definition of CL has not yet been defined and there is no current standard available. (Syddansk Sundhedsinnovation, 2012) Positive effects have been related to CL, but as a direct consequence of various studies, limited evaluation and different lighting settings, no standard has been es- tablished. Evidence for a biological dawn and dusk in the human circadian timing system has not proved to have any significant effect on non-seasonal depression, but can help dementia patients navigate time. (Wehr, Aeschbach and Duncan, 2001) Variables such as lux levels, correlated colour temperature (CCT), stand- ards, transition time and quality of the fixture can determine the CL. Exact wavelengths for peak sensitivity has yet to be defined, as blue and green wavelengths are currently battling. (Wright, Lack and Kennaway, 2004; Figueiro and Rea, 2010; Münch et al., 2014)) Future evaluation could estab- lish best practise and seek out the differences between tuneable white CL and RGBW CL. Another factor is that transition time has no significant standard. This a thing that is naturally dependant on location and weather conditions. Ac- cording to ocular adaption of contrast and increase in light, slow transitions could be easier on the eye. Further research is needed on the topic and on the effect short/long transition time has on the SCN. Findings suggest a higher level of suppression, if the transition is from very low illuminance levels to significantly higher as in Chang et al, 2011. (Smith, Schoen and Czeisler, 2004; Chang, Scheer and Czeisler, 2011) Barosso A et al 2014 proposes a set of metrics, that can be used in com- parative analysis of circadian lighting conditions in patient rooms. Focusing on the following metrics: contrast, bright mean level, bright clustering, dark mean level, dark clustering and circadian variation. These metrics can be used in future tests and investigations in PCBA ED 55. (Barroso, Simons and De Jager, 2014) Master thesis · MSc Lighting Design · Pernille Bech-Larsen · Fall 2017 24PDF Image | Healing with light
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