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Plants 2020, x, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 15 the blue and BRW142, while the other treatments showed negligible enhancement. The highest Plants 2020, x, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 15 Palvanetrsa2g0e20o, 9f, r1o34o4t length was in BRW142, and no significant difference was found in three treatm4 eonf 1ts5 tohferebdl,uBeRa,nadndBBRRWW14125,1.while the other treatments showed negligible enhancement. The highest average of root length was in BRW142, and no significant difference was found in three treatments of red, BR, and BRW151. Figure 1. Effects of different light conditions on the A. roxburghii morphology; (a): fluorescent light; Figure 1. Effects of different light conditions on the A. roxburghii morphology; (a): fluorescent light; (b): red; (b): red; (c): blue; (d): BR (one blue: four red); (e): BRW151 (one blue: five red: one white); (f): BRW142 (c): blue; (d): BR (one blue: four red); (e): BRW151 (one blue: five red: one white); (f): BRW142 (one blue: F(oignue rbelu1e. :Effofuecrtrseodf: dtwifofewrehnitteli)g. hSct acloenbdairtsio=n1s comn. the A. roxburghii morphology; (a): fluorescent light; four red: two white). Scale bars = 1 cm. (b): red; (c): blue; (d): BR (one blue: four red); (e): BRW151 (one blue: five red: one white); (f): BRW142 Table 1. Influence of different lighting conditions on morphology and flavonoid contents of A. roxbughii (Tohne bstlueme: fcoeulrl raenda: towmo ywhoiftet)h. iSscaplleabnatrws =a1scsmig. nificantly affected by the LEDs. Specifically, under at the acclimatization stage. the blue light, the highest cell width value was detected (36.87 μm), followed by BRW151 (33.11 μm) and BTRhe(3s0t.e3m1 μcmel)l,awnhatiolemthyeolfowtheistpvlanlutewoafsceslilgwnifdicthanwtlaysaffofuecntdedunbdyetrhtehLe EreDdsl.iSgphet c(2if5ic.3a7llyμ,mu)nadnedr Light Conditions FL Red Blue BR BRW151 BRW142 a c c bc a abc tBhReWbl1u4e2liA(gv2he7rat.g,6et4ohfepμlahmnitgh)e,higehwst(thcmcic)e*hllwiadst6h.5l8ovwa±l0ue.3re8 wth7a.3sn6d±et0ht.e9a2ctteod7f.2(33F6L±.08.57(2μ87m.5.18),fμ±om0l.l2o7).wI6en.6d5teb±rye0s.B4t2RinWg6l1.y995,1r(e±3m03.7.a81r1kμabmle) Averageofstemdiameter(mm)* 16.7cd ±2.57 11.4a ±1.39 15.6c ±2.77 17.6d ±1.99 16.9bc ±2.02 16.6cd ±1.8 a adnifdfeBreRn(c3e0s.3i1nμcmel)l, lwenhgiltehthweelroewfeosutnvd Cell width of 2nd node sections (μm) ** 28.58 ± 3.2 25.37 ± 4.4 36.87 ± 3.1 30.31 prerdoumcoetdeduncedlelrdtehveelroepdmleignhttintreloantmgi undt,ewdhirilesc Dry matter percentages (%) * 11.45 8.68 b c alunedoefrcetlh da c ab lewrieddthawn nsdoefrwthheicr drleidghltig(2h5t a Number of leaves per plant * 5.13 ± 0.35 5.06 ± 0.59 5.53 ± 0.51 5.87 ± 0.63 5.33 ± 0.48 5.8 ± 0.56 ± 3.7 33.11 BpRroWm1o4t2ed(2c7e.l6l 4deμvmel)o, pwmheincth inwlaosngloitwudere tdhiraenctitohnat; wofheFrLeas(,28th.5e8 bμlume ).ligIhntesrtersotningglyly,inrheimbiaterdkatbhle ± 3.6 27.64 ± 3.8 Cell length of 2nd node sections (μm) ** 35.94 bc ±5.6 44.33 e ± 5.5 31.23 a ± 3.9 44.2 e ± 7.4 31.98 ab ± 5.1 37.82 cd ± 8.5 2 c a bc d c c diefvferloenpcmesenitnL(ecTaefalbrlelale(cnm1g,)t*Fhigwuerere2fbo)u3..3nC6do±mu0.3np4daree1r.d99thto±e0.rt3he2de3ca.0on2ndt±rBo0.Rl43(FliL4g.6h)7tlsi±go0h.8ft9,wleh3a.6if1cha±rr0e.e3a6dwliags3h.3td7ri±ma0m.m7aetincsaelly Numberofrootsperplant* 1.73a ±0.45 2.00ab ±1.04 2.06bc ±0.25 1.8ab ±0.41 1.93ab ±0.25 2.26cd ±0.45 et bWlu1e51li,gahnt strBoRnWgl1y42in hexibeirtted tnhoe Average of roots length (cm) * 2.94 ±0.43 2.47 ± 0.54 3.24 ± 0.47 2.8 ± 0.45 2.94 ± 0.49 3.23 ± 0.34 ttitohne; bwluhe d dsiegvneilfoicpamnteneftfe(Tctasb. lHe o1w, Fevigeur,reon2lby).BCRowmapsarfoeduntdo tohestcroiknitnrgoly(FeLnh) alingchet,thlealfearfearewaa(sFidgruarme a3t)i.cTalhlye a c c 11.69 10.33 11.91 b a sBfoRunlidghut eh .3im7μmmen)saenldy c c a b d e bc reliagsh,tt,hBeR 9.18 c c b b FL: fluorescent lamp; BR: blue–red; BRW151: blue: red: warm white LED ratio 1:5:1; BRW142: blue: red: warm white rdedcurecaesdesuindleravthese ernedlarlgigehmtetnrteasitgmneinfitc,anwthlyilsint ftlhuenbcleude thlieghtot,taBlRbWio1m5a1s, saancdcuBmRuWla1t4io2ne, xinerctleudinog LED ratio 1:4:2. Different letters (a,b,c,d,e) within a row express significant differences between treatment conditions by sfrigesnhifiwcaenigthetf,fdecrtys.wHeoigwhetv(Feirg, uornely5aB,bR),woarsdfroyumndatteorsptreirkcienngtlaygens h(Taanbcleet1h)e. leaf area (Figure 3). The using Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05; * values indicate mean ± SE of 03 replications experiment, each experiment including 30 two-month-old A. roxburghii explants; ** values indicate mean ± SE of 03 replications experiment, decreases in leaves enlargement significantly influenced the total biomass accumulation, including each replication contains samples from 5 plants each treatment with 5 sections/node/plant. fresh weight, dry weight (Figure 5a,b), or dry matter percentages (Table 1). Figure 2. Effects of light conditions on A. roxburghii stem cell anatomy. Cross-sections (a) and longitude sections (b) of 2nd node of plants cultured under Fluorescent and LED lights (red, blue, BR, FBiRgWur1e512,.aEnfdfeBcRtsWo1f4l2i)g.ht conditions on A. roxburghii stem cell anatomy. Cross-sections (a) and Figure 2. Effects of light conditions on A. roxburghii stem cell anatomy. Cross-sections (a) and longitude longitude sections (b) of 2nd node of plants cultured under Fluorescent and LED lights (red, blue, BR, sections (b) of 2nd node of plants cultured under Fluorescent and LED lights (red, blue, BR, BRW151, Table 1. Influence of different lighting conditions on morphology and flavonoid contents of A. BRW151, and BRW142). and BRW142). roxbughii at the acclimatization stage. Table 1. Influence of different lighting conditions on morphology and flavonoid contents of A. Light Conditions FL Red Blue 7.23 c ± 0.5 Blue BR 7.18 bc ± 0.27 BRW151 6.65 a ± 0.42 BRW151 16.9bc ± BRW142 roxbughii at the acclimatization stage. 7.36 c ± 0.92 6.99 abc ± 0.78 Average of plant height (cm) * Light Conditions 6.58 a ± 0.38 FL Red BR BRW142 Average of stem diameter (mm) * bc aca Average of stem diameter (mm) * Number of leaves per plant * 5.13 a ± 0.35 16.9 bc ± 5.8 c ± 0.56 16.7cd ± 11.4a ± 15.6c ± 17.6d ± cdabc 16.699 ± 1±.8 0.78 c 7.36 ± 7.18 ± 6.582.5±70.38 1.39 7.232.7±70.5 0.92 6.652.0±20.42 Average of plant height (cm) * Numberofleavesperplant* 5.136.a7±cd0±.35 11.4a± 15.6c± 1.99 2.57 1.39 5.06a ± 0.59 2.77 5.53bc ± 0.51 2.02 5.33 ab ± 0.48 5.06a ± 5.53bc ± 0.27 5.817c.6±d0±.63 1.99 5.87c ± 0.63 5.33 ab ± 0.59 0.51 0.48 16.6 cd ± 1.8 5.8c ± 0.56PDF Image | LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii
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