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62 S.Y. Lee et al. / Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 88 (2007) 51–67 Fig. 8. Immunohistochemical staining showed noticeable increases in TIMP-1 (a) and TIMP-2 (b) at various degrees in the treatment groups (x 100 for all. The pictures of post-treatment specimens appear smaller than those of pre-treatment specimens, because the post-treatment specimens were spilt into two pieces to be processed in parallel for TEM). Therefore, specimens for biochemical evaluation were obtained 20 minutes after the final treatment. On histological examination of these specimens, the increase in the amount of collagen was well-evidently dem- onstrated in the post-treatment specimens, which was cor- respondent with the results of other studies using 590 nm LED or other non-ablative rejuvenation modalities [13– 16,19,21,23,24,27]. The noticeable difference between our results and those of other studies was the depth and range of the increase of collagen. It is known that induction of collagen synthesis by nonablative rejuvenation procedures occurs largely in the papillary and upper reticular dermis, forming the so-called Grenz zone [39,44]. The depth of this actively responding area is considered to be around 100- 500 lm below the DEJ [39,44]. Therefore, most photother- mally-based nonablative rejuvenation technologies aim to deliver thermal damage to that depth within the dermis to get the maximal effects [23,24,39,44]. As in other studies, the formation of the Grenz zone was found also in our study. However, in our results, the depth of changes in col- lagen, presented as increases in the amount and thickening of collagen bundles, and packing of the arrangement of the collagen network, appeared deeper than 500 lm extending to almost the entire dermis, not being limited to the papil- lary and upper reticular dermis as shown in other studies. In addition, not corresponding with the current consensusPDF Image | LED phototherapy for skin rejuvenation
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