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LIST OF TABLES Table I-1. Spectral distribution characteristics of incandescent (INC), high-pressure sodium (HPS), and compact fluorescent (CFL) lamps, and red (R)+white (W)+far-red (FR), cool-white (CW), and warm-white (WW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) between 400 and 800 nm. Data are based on measurements made at Michigan State University and the estimated phytochrome photoequilibria values (PFR/PR+FR) are estimated according to Sager et al. (1988). ..................... 18 Table II-1. Trial period, lamp type, lamp power, number of lamps per treatment, average daily temperature (ADT), and daily light integral (DLI) at different trial sites, including C. Raker & Sons, the Center for Applied Horticultural Research (CfAHR), Henry Mast Greenhouse, Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses, Kube Pak, and two separate greenhouses at Michigan State University (MSU), in a coordinated trial. Plants were grown under short days with or without 4-h night-interruption lighting from high-pressure sodium (HPS), incandescent (INC), compact fluorescent (CFL), or red+white+far-red light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. The short-day (SD) treatment at CfAHR was a natural day, whereas that at MSU was truncated to 9 h. –, No data.. 47 Table II-2. Flowering characteristics of eight bedding plant crops grown in two separate greenhouses (houses 10E and 13B) at Michigan State University in a coordinated trial. Plants were grown under a 9-h short day (SD) or an SD with 4-h night-interruption (NI) lighting from incandescent (INC) or red+white+far-red light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. ‘EWBS’, ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’. ‘WPC’, ‘Wave Purple Classic’. VB, visible bud. −, No data. ................. 48 Table II-3. Estimation of initial investment and operating costs (in U.S. dollars) using incandescent (INC), high-pressure sodium (HPS), or red+white+far-red light-emitting diode (LED) lamps for 4-h night-interruption lighting in a 4,320-square-foot (30×144 feet) greenhouse with 7-foot clearance above the growing surface. Data for INC and HPS lamps are adapted from Fisher and Both (2004). ................................................................................................................ 50 Table III-1. Night-interruption lighting characteristics and estimated phytochrome photoequilibria (PFR/PR+FR; Sager et al., 1988) of incandescent (INC) lamps and white (W), blue (B), B + red (R), B + far red (FR), B+R+FR, and R+FR light-emitting diodes. The R:FRnarrow was calculated as 655 to 665 nm:725 to 735 nm. ......................................................................... 78 Table III-2. Number of incandescent (INC) lamps and white (W), blue (B), B + red (R), B + far red (FR), B+R+FR, and R+FR light-emitting diode (LED) lamps used in each night-interruption lighting treatment and average daily air temperature (ADT) in each treatment during two replications (rep.) of the experiment............................................................................................. 79 Table III-3. Days to first visible bud or inflorescence (VB) and main stem length, VB number, and increase in leaf number at flowering for five short-day plants. Plants were grown at a constant 20 °C under a truncated 9-h short-day (SD) with or without 4-h night-interruption lighting from incandescent (INC) lamps or white (W), blue (B), B + red (R), B + far red (FR), B+R+FR, or R+FR light-emitting diodes. All data are pooled from two replications. ................ 80 viPDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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