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HPS lamps at inducing flowering of Ghent azalea (Rhododendron simsii), although the peak wavelengths of B, R, and FR light were not reported (Schamp et al., 2012). Flowering of the LDP cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) was earlier under a mixture of R and B LEDs than FL lamps when used as NI lighting (Shin et al., 2010). In addition, LEDs with an R (peak wavelength = 660 nm) to FR (peak wavelength = 735 nm) light ratio (R:FR) of 0.66 or greater were as effective as INC lamps at inhibiting flowering of SDPs (Craig and Runkle, 2013). However, to our knowledge, studies on the efficacy of newly developed LEDs as an alternative to conventional lamp types on flowering applications have not been published. Three commercial LED fixtures for photoperiodic lighting have been recently developed and marketed for potential flowering applications, emitting only FR, R + white (W), or R+W+FR. The 14-W R+W+FR LED lamp was developed as a commercial replacement for 100- to 150-W INC lamps to regulate flowering of ornamental crops. A small amount of W light was incorporated mainly for human vision. We coordinated a commercial greenhouse grower trial to investigate the efficacy of the R+W+FR LED lamp to control flowering of daylength-sensitive plants compared with conventional lamps. Photoperiodic lighting with a mixture of R and FR light was most effective at promoting flowering of LDPs (Thomas and Vince-Prue, 1997), and LEDs with an R:FR of 0.66 or 1.07 were as effective as INC lamps at promoting flowering of LDPs and inhibiting flowering of SDPs (Craig and Runkle, 2012). Therefore, we postulated that the R+W+FR LED lamps with an R:FR of 0.82 would be as effective as conventional lamps at regulating flowering of photoperiodic crops. Materials and Methods Plant material 33PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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