LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS

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LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS ( led-regulate-flowering-photoperiodic-ornamental-crops )

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All young plants were produced by a commercial plant producer (C. Raker & Sons, Litchfield, MI). Seeds of ‘Hawaii Blue’ ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum), ‘Telstar Crimson’ dianthus, ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’ (‘EWBS’) and ‘WPC’ petunia, ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’ snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), and ‘Obsession’ verbena (Verbena ×hybrida) were sown into 288-cell (6-mL) plug trays on 5 Jan. 2013, 4 Jan. 2013, 29 Dec. 2012, 28 Dec. 2012, 26 Dec. 2012, and 5 Jan. 2013, respectively. Cuttings of ‘Callie Deep Yellow’ calibrachoa (Calibrachoa ×hybrida) and ‘Dahlinova Texas’ dahlia (Dahlia ×hybrida) were stuck into 51-cell (27-mL) strip trays on 5 Jan. 2013 and 9 Jan. 2013, respectively. These eight crops were chosen according to their photoperiodic flowering responses. The typical commercial production period for these propagules was shortened by 1 week to ship plants before they could be induced to flower. The young plants were express shipped in late January to Michigan State University (MSU; East Lansing, MI) and to the five commercial growers cooperating in this experiment: C. Raker & Sons, the Center for Applied Horticultural Research (CfAHR) at Altman Plants (Vista, CA), Henry Mast Greenhouse (Byron Center, MI), Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses (Sunman, IN), and Kube Pak (Allentown, NJ). Upon receipt of the young plants, each site transplanted them into 18-cell (304-mL) trays (L-1801; Landmark Plastic Corporation, Akron, OH) filled with their typical peat-based growing medium for bedding-plant production, and four trays of each cultivar were placed under each lighting treatment described below. The dates of transplant and onset of treatments at C. Raker & Sons, CfAHR, Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses, Kube Pak, and MSU were 1 Feb. 2013, 2 Feb. 2013, 28 Jan. 2013, 18 Feb. 2013, and 5 Feb. 2013, respectively. Before transplant, all plants at Kube Pak were grown under natural SDs (≤10.8 h). At Henry Mast Greenhouse, plants were transplanted and transferred to an LED treatment on 1 Feb. 2013 and to an HPS treatment on 2 34

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