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elongation (Folta and Childers, 2008; Shimizu et al., 2006) or promoted stem elongation (Jeong et al., 2014). The discrepancies could be at least partially explained by differences in light intensity, delivery time, and duration, as well as variation among species. For example, a 4-h NI from B light at 1.7 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 inhibited extension growth of chrysanthemum ‘Reagan’ compared with a 4-h NI provided by fluorescent lamps (Shimizu et al., 2006), whereas an 11-h base photoperiod with 4-h DE from B light at 100 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 promoted extension growth of chrysanthemum ‘Zembla’ compared to no DE lighting (Jeong et al., 2014). In addition, when the PPF ranged from 20 to 150 μmol∙m−2∙s−1, B light promoted stem length of eggplant (Solanum melongena) but suppressed that of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) compared with green, R, or green+B light (Hirai et al., 2006). The effects of high-intensity B light in NI lighting on extension growth have not yet been elucidated. Based on our results and those of other studies, the most effective spectral composition for NI lighting differs somewhat between SDPs and LDPs. For SDPs, W and usually R+FR light were most effective at inhibiting flowering. In contrast, R+FR light most promoted flowering of LDPs, and W light was sometimes less effective. Low-intensity (0.6 to 1.6 μmol∙m−2∙s−1) B light did not affect flowering characteristics or growth attributes alone or when added to R and FR light. Although a combination of B and FR light was perceived as a long day in some crops, such as dahlia ‘Leanne’ and petunia WPC and WPI, it was not effective at interrupting the night for the other crops studied. Our study also corroborates that LEDs can be a viable replacement for INC or compact fluorescent lamps when used for photoperiodic lighting of daylength-sensitive ornamental crops (Craig and Runkle, 2012). 76PDF Image | LED REGULATE FLOWERING OF PHOTOPERIODIC ORNAMENTAL CROPS
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