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230 D. Barolet The various cell and tissue types in the body have their own unique light absorption characteristics, each absorbing light at specific wavelengths. For best effects, the wavelength used should allow for optimal penetration of light in the targeted cells or tissue. Red light can be used successfully for deeper localized target (eg, sebaceous glands), and blue light may be useful for the treatment of skin conditions located Figure7 Maintissueconstituentsabsorbinginthe600–1000nmspec- tral range. Adapted with permission from Taroni P, Pifferi A, Torricelli A, et al: In vivo absorption and scattering spectroscopy of biological tissues. Photochem Photobio Sci 2:124-129, 2003. within the epidermis in photodynamic therapy (PDT) (eg, actinic keratoses). To reach as many fibroblasts as possible, which is often the aim of LED therapy, a deeply penetrating wavelength is desirable. At 660 nm, for instance, light can achieve such a goal reaching a depth of 2.3 mm in the dermis, therefore covering fibroblasts up to the reticular dermis. The wavelength used should also be within the absorption spec- trum of the chromophore or photoacceptor molecule and will often determine for which applications LEDs will be used. Because cytochrome c oxidase is the most likely chro- mophore in LLLT, 2 absorption peaks are considered in the red (660 nm) and NIR (850 nm) spectra.6 Two major wavelength boundaries exist for LED appli- cations: at wavelengths 600 nm, blood hemoglobin (Hb) Figure 8 Schematic representation of Arndt-Schulz curve. Figure 6 Optical penetration depth.PDF Image | Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Dermatology
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