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Definition of Terms For the purposes of this study: Irradiation or irradiate means that an athlete is being treated with light therapy or radiation. Joule is an international system unit of electrical, mechanical and thermal energy. The total amount of energy is equal to the output wattage and the treatment duration (Joules = power × duration) (Starkey, 2004). Light Therapy (LT) represented a therapeutic modality that used light from the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum to promote healing at the cellular level in order to have wound and/or tissue healing. LT is low level laser therapy that takes place at irradiation intensities so low that any biological effects are due to the direct effects of the radiation and not as a result of heating (Fitz-Ritson, 2001). Wavelength from 660nm – 950nm will be considered Low Level Laser. Nanometer (nm) stands for a metric unit of length equal to one billionth of a meter. Pain was measured by using a visual analog scale using the numbers 0 (representing no pain) through 10 (representing the worst pain possible). The treatment and control groups reported this daily when the study participants were measured for swelling. Sham Light Therapy refers to the head of the LT wand not being held perpendicular with the skin so as to not give a treatment dose to the athlete. Swelling was measured using a circumferential (girth) measurement of the thigh, knee, calf, and ankle. I used centimeters as the standard for measurement. Wavelength is light in the form of electromagnetic energy that has wavelengths between 100 and 10,000 nanometers (nm) inside the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light 3PDF Image | Light Therapy on Pain and Swelling vs Collegiate Athletes
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