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the variables that was being studied. Most of the athletes were still able to continue playing and this was allowed. A pilot study was done from August 14, 2006 to September 15, 2006. During this time I evaluated and treated five athletes to test this protocol. It was decided at this time that the minimum number of athletes needed to complete this study would be 10 with the maximum being 20. The actual study began on September 16, 2006 and ended on November 1, 2006. The study ended with 12 study participants. I was the only one involved with the actual data collection. This was done so that there would be no confusion as to what spots were to be measured and the procedures to be followed on a day to day basis. The VAS was used due to the fact that it has been found to be a reliable instrument for evaluating pain (Puett, 1994). This study showed that LT had a positive effect on pain and swelling in acute lower extremity strains and sprains. Potential threats to the validity of this study were that some athletes were able to continue playing and others were not, thus increasing pain and swelling. No wrapping of injuries occurred due to the fact that this can help swelling to decrease. I wanted to see if the swelling went down as a result of LT, and not from wrapping or other treatment. Athletes also swell differently. For instance, some athletes will swell up very quickly and stay swollen for days, others will not swell immediately and then swell slightly only to be back to their normal baseline the next day. I also did not take into account that the athletes did not incur the same type of sprain or strain. Some athletes may have received a minor sprain (grade I). Other athletes may have incurred a severe sprain (grade III). Each of these grades present issues in regards to pain and swelling. I put all of the grades in together rather than splitting them up. 21PDF Image | Light Therapy on Pain and Swelling vs Collegiate Athletes
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