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Schierz, C. IS LIGHT WITH LACK OF RED SPECTRAL COMPONENTS A RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED... Photobiomodulation is still not a topic of mainstream biology and medicine. Even in case photobiomodulation has proven its value, the question remains as to whether therapeutic approaches can be adapted to everyday lighting applications as prevention measures for healthy people. The selected action spectra are not generally acknowledged and do not take account of all beneficial and detrimental light effects on RPE-cells. They have been determined from cell studies and not from studies with eyes of living humans. It is as yet unknown what a healthy balance between blue light and red/NIR light is (problem of zero adjustment). It is not clear if the thresholds for the light effects in question are below or above light levels of normal daily life and if linearity of effects can be reasonably assumed. Nevertheless, if the precautionary principle is taken into account, the following conclusions for AMD prevention should be drawn: Lower correlated colour temperatures (Tcp) are preferable; higher colour renderings (Ra) are preferable, especially a higher R9 index; higher blue peak wavelengths for white LEDs are preferable; LEDs and FL exhibit an insufficient red component at 670 nm. In regard to future light source developments spectral components <460nm should be avoided, and components >600nm should be encouraged. In this regard, it has to be discussed if the use of energy optimising measures solely based on the luminous efficiency function (e.g. lm/W) should be superseded by measures with more comprehensive efficiency functions. Also IR and partly red absorbing windows have to be questioned. Initial calculations with glazing transmissions used for the definition of CIE indoor daylight illuminants (CIE, 2009) showed no substantial change of the AMD protection index. May be the use of a more extensive glazing database would be more informative. Finally, it should be noted that blue spectral components < 450 nm could also have beneficial health effects. This is indicated for example by the success in the treatment of dermatitis (Becker et al., 2011). However, lighting systems supporting the effects of intrinsically- photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (i.e. non-image-forming effects) are still possible, because these effects have an action spectrum with maximum at 490 nm (CIE, 2018). References ALBARRACIN, R., EELLS, J., and VALTER, K., 2011. Photobiomodulation protects the retina from light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science, 52(6), 3582-3592. ALBARRACIN, R. et al., 2013. 670 nm light mitigates oxygen-induced degeneration in C57BL/6J mouse retina. BMC Neuroscience, 14, 125. ARNAULT, E. et al., 2013. Phototoxic action spectrum on a retinal pigment epithelium model of age-related macular degeneration exposed to sunlight normalized conditions. PLOS ONE, 8(8), e71398. BECKER, D. et al., 2011. Clinical efficacy of blue light full body irradiation as treatment option for severe atopic dermatitis. PLOS ONE 6(6), e20566. BEGUM, R. et al., 2013. Treatment with 670 nm light up regulates cytochrome C oxidase expression and reduces inflammation in an age-related macular degeneration model. PLOS ONE, 8(2), e57828. CIE 2002. CIE S 009:2002 (IEC 63471:2006). Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems. Vienna, CIE. 120 Proceedings of 29th CIE Session 2019PDF Image | LIGHT WITH LACK OF RED SPECTRAL COMPONENTS v amd
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