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Low-level light therapy (LLLT) for cosmetics and dermatology

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Low-level light therapy (LLLT) for cosmetics and dermatology ( low-level-light-therapy-lllt-cosmetics-and-dermatology )

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Invited Paper Low-level light therapy (LLLT) for cosmetics and dermatology Mossum K Sawhney[1][2], Michael R. Hamblin[1][3][4] [1] Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 [2] American University of Antigua – College of Medicine, St. John’s, Antigua [3] Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 [4] Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Abstract Over the last few years, low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to be beneficial to the field of aesthetic medicine, specifically aesthetic dermatology. LLLT encompasses a broad spectrum of procedures, primarily cosmetic, which provide treatment options for a myriad of dermatological conditions. Dermatological disorders involving inflammation, acne, scars, aging and pigmentation have been investigated with the assistance of animal models and clinical trials. The most commercially successful use of LLLT is for managing alopecia (hair loss) in both men and women. LLLT also seems to play an influential role in procedures such as lipoplasty and liposuction, allowing for noninvasive and non- thermal methods of subcutaneous fat reduction. LLLT offers a means to address such conditions with improved efficacy versatility and no known side-effects; however comprehensive literature reports covering the utility of LLLT are scarce and thus the need for coverage arises. 1. LLLT in Dermatology Low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT), phototherapy or photobiomodulation refers to the use of photons to alter biological activity. Non-thermal, coherent light sources (lasers) or non-coherent light sources consisting of filtered lamps or light-emitting diodes (LED) are used in this type of therapy for reducing pain and inflammation, augmenting tissue repair and regeneration, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing tissue damage [1, 2]. In the last few decades non-ablative laser therapies have been used increasingly for the aesthetic treatment of fine wrinkles, photoaged skin and scars, a process known as photorejuvenation. More recently they have also been used for inflammatory acne [3]. Their potential use for other dermatological conditions and cosmetics such as vitiligo, psoriasis, photoprotection, hair regrowth and fat reduction have been shown by several studies. In this chapter, we will briefly mention about these cosmetic and dermatological applications of LLLT, starting with its current and potential use in cosmetic dermatology and various skin conditions, hair loss treatment and lastly in fat reduction procedures and cellulite treatment. 1.1. LLLT for Skin Rejuvenation: Skin aging and photoaging is a process that may present with a relatively early onset, sometimes as early as during the late 20s or early 30s of an individual’s life. Common signs and symptoms of skin aging include skin wrinkling, dyspigmentation, telangiectasia, and reduced elasticity. At the histological and molecular level, common noticeable features include; reduced collagen content, collagen fiber fragmentation, elastotic degeneration of elastic fibers, presence of dilated and tortuous dermal vessels, disorientation and atrophy of the epidermis along with an up- regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-1 and MMP-2. Skin aging is considered to be a process affected by both chronological and environmental elements but the single most influential factor responsible for accelerated skin aging seems to be photodamage induced primarily through ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a novel treatment option available for non-thermal and non-ablative skin rejuvenation which has been shown to be effective for improving skin conditions such as wrinkles and skin laxity Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy IX, edited by Michael R. Hamblin, James D. Carroll, Praveen Arany, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8932, 89320X · © 2014 SPIE · CCC code: 1605-7422/14/$18 · doi: 10.1117/12.2041330 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8932 89320X-1

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