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samples obtained from patients through the tumescent method and exposed them to a 10-mW diode laser (635 nm) with total fluence values ranging from 1.2 - 3.6 J/cm2 for a period of 0 to 6 minutes. They discovered that the tumescent method facilitated laser penetration and intensity, thus allowing for enhanced fat liquefaction [48]. A similar set up to test the effect of LLLT on the lipectomy, where 12 female patients undergoing lipectomy received extraction of both deep and superficial fat, infra-umbilically, using the tumescent method, followed by LLLT (Figure 6) [48]. Results again showed the synergistic ability of LLLT to effectively work with the tumescent technique for effective fat removal [48]. It was observed that without laser irradiation the fat tissue remained intact and the fat cells maintained their original spherical shape. The supplementary effect of the tumescent method on LLLT is thought to due to stimulation of epinephrine induced cAMP production by adenyl cyclase and/or enhanced penetrative ability and intensity facilitated by the tumescent solution [48]. Figure 5: Examples of external LLLT devices for use in fat reduction and cellulite treatment. 4. Conclusion: LLLT has been investigated as a novel therapeutic modality for treatment and management of several dermatological conditions. Majority of the applicable effects of LLLT are applicable for some form of skin rejuvenation (reversal of photodamage for the most part). Thus, several studies have demonstrated the use of LLLT for photorejuvination, treatment of acne, vitiligo, photoprotection, etc. and more recent studies demonstrate the potential LLLT possesses for treatment of alopecia, fat and cellulite. Moreover, LLLT serves as a modality that is more patient-friendly through its noninvasive actions with very mild side-effects, if any. LLLT shows promise for future applications being a novel treatment modality that works with great efficacy in combination with certain existing options. With growing acceptance and extensive research in the field of photomedicine it can be proposed that LLLT among other phototherapeutic modalities will continue to grow and emerge as a versatile tool in the field of dermatology. Acknowledgments. Research in the Hamblin laboratory is supported by US NIH grant R01AI050875. Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8932 89320X-9PDF Image | Low-level light therapy (LLLT) for cosmetics and dermatology
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