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Mechanisms of Action for Infrared Light on Tissue Healing Selected Abstracts, Citations and Case Studies Following are excerpts from published literature on the effects of infrared light and nitric oxide on tissue healing. Infrared light therapy has been shown to trigger release of Nitric Oxide, a small endogenous molecule with multiple effects on body systems including fracture healing. The excerpts from published literature below highlight just some of the scientific and clinical investigations into the effects of infrared light and nitric oxide, suggesting mechanisms of action and pointing to potential clinical outcomes. Application of infrared light to body tissues causes release of nitric oxide. 1) Studies have demonstrated infrared photochemical generation of nitric oxide by two-photon excitation of precursor molecules such as porphyrin complexes.1 “(The authors’) laboratory has been concerned with developing strategies using photochemistry to trigger NO release from thermally stable precursors. It would be particularly desirable to utilize near- infrared (NIR) wavelengths for in vivo photochemical activation owing to the 800-1100 nm spectral window of greatest light penetration in mammalian tissue. In this context, we describe the successful photochemical generation of NO by two-photon excitation (TPE) of such a precursor by the use of NIR light. In (the authors’) experiments, NO was shown to be generated via Two Photon Excitation (TPE) of the porphyrin complex, PPIX-RSE ({í-S,í-S¢-protoporphyrin-IX-bis(2- thioethyl)diester]-tetranitrosyl-diiron) (See Figure). Measurements release from PPIX-RSE solutions were made by using a nitric electrochemical sensor (Amino-700 from Innovative Instruments). Solutions of PPIX-RSE (4.1 íM) in distilled, aerated THF were irradiated with the NIR laser under conditions identical to those fluorescence measurements. Exposure to the NIR laser varied of NO oxide for TPE from 1 to 3 min. Aliquots (50 íL) were withdrawn from the irradiated solutions and injected into a beaker containing 10 mL of deionized water in which the sensor was immersed. (The diluted PPIX-RSE concentration would then be _20 nM.). Upon injection of the photolysis solution, immediate signal increases indicating NO generation were seen. The first three injections were of PPIX-RSE solutions that had irradiated at 810 nm for 1, 1, and 3 min, respectively, and the last two were from PPIX-RSE solutions that had not been irradiated (to evaluate the NO produced from thermal decomposition). The solutions subjected to TPE excitation liberated NO, while the controls did not.” Influence of Differing Wavelengths on Biochemical Response 2) Abergel and coworkers found that the irradiation of fibroblasts in culture either at 633 nm or at 904 nm stimulated the synthesis of collagen.2 3) The absorption spectrum of human tissue influences the depth of penetration of light. The figure at right shows the absorption spectrum of the human hand, suggesting that near infrared wavelengths (650nm – 900nm) attain deeper penetration than visible red (600nm – 649 nm). Combined with the photobiomodulatory response of 900 nm wavelengths, this suggests near infrared is suitable for eliciting photobio responses from internal tissues.3 Other studies of Infrared Depth of PenetrationPDF Image | Mechanisms of Action for Infrared Light on Tissue Healing
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