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had many eschar ulcerations. After light treatment we noted an improvement in color and hands were warm to the touch. Her complaints of pain and itching indicated a return of sensation. PT #2 is a 76 year-old white mail, borderline diabetic with two open sores on his right medial malleolus. These wounds were traumatic, caused when he was wounded by mortar fire during World War II in the Battle of the Bulge. He has had open sores in that area since that time. These wounds have required two split thickness grafts. One was performed in 1945 and another in 1965. Both grafts have been of questionable success. Mr. Marek has been treated with 52 Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatments to date and has received 19 treatments of 8 J/cm2 of NASA LED therapy to his ankle wound. At the start of NASA LED treatment the area had opened into one large 2cm X 3cm wound draining sanguinous fluid. Since treatment we have seen an increase in tissue granulation from the inside towards the outer edges of the wound. Area has decreased to 1.5cm X 2.8cm and there is a significant decrease in drainage. Transcutaneous Oxygen Measurement (T.C.pO2) readings have shown an improvement in vasculature to the area. Further In Vitro LED Cell Growth Studies In-vitro studies continue with the 3T3 Fibroblasts, and L6 Rat Skeletal Muscle cell line. Stimulation with LED’s clearly shows proliferation of both cell lines with the DNA synthesis assay. The studies indicate the 3T3 Fibroblasts with stimulation of 4 J/cm2, 8 J/cm2 and 12 J/cm2 of energy show proliferation of cells within 3 hours after exposure to LED. Studies on the L6 Skeletal Muscle depict growth over a period of 48 hours after exposure to 4 J/cm2 of energy. This data demonstrates immediate benefit of LED exposure in- vitro, as in the 3T3 Fibroblasts, but also over a period of time, over 48 hours with the L6 Muscle Cells. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Karen Zeqiri for assistance in manuscript preparation. The LED arrays were provided by Quantum Devices, Inc., Barneveld, WI. We also gratefully acknowledge the Department of Defense, Air Force Material Command, Armstrong Laboratories, Davis Hyperbaric Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, TX for providing the hyperbaric chamber used in this research. The hyperbaric oxygen treatments of our human subjects were performed by Estelle Woodard, C.R.T., C.H.T. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center SBIR grants: NAS8-99015 and NAS8-97277, Children’s Hospital Foundation, the MACC Fund and Quantum Devices, Inc. REFERENCES Beauvoit B., Evans S.M., Jenkins T.W., Miller E.E., Chance B., “Contribution of the Mitochondrial Compartment to the Optical Properties of the Rat Liver: A Theoretical and Practical Approach,” Analytical Biochemistry 226, 167-174 (1995). Beauvoit B., Kitai T., Chance B., “Correlation between the Light Scattering and the Mitochondrial Content of Normal Tissues and Transplantable Rodent Tumors,” Biophysical Journal 67, 2501-25 10 (1994). Chance B., Nioka S., Kent J., McCully K., Fountain M., Greenfield R., Holtom G., “Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin in Resting and Ischemic Muscle,” Analytical Biochemistry 174, 698-707 (1988) Conlan M.J., Rapley J.W., Cobb C.M., “Biostimulation of wound healing by low-energy laser irradiation,” J.Clin. Periodont. 23, 492- 496 (1996). Eggert H.R., Blazek V., “Optical Properties of Normal Human Brain Tissues In The Spectral Range of 400 to 2500 nm,” Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 333, 47-55 (1993). Karu T., “Photochemical Effects Upon the Cornea, Skin and Other Tissues (Photobiology Of Low-Power Laser Effects,” Hlth Physics 56, 69 1-704 (1989). Lubart R., Friedman H., Sinyakov M., Cohen N., Breitbart H., “Changes in Calcium Transport in Mammalian Sperm Mitochondria and Plasma Membranes Caused by 780 nm Irradiation,” Lasers in Surg & Med 21, 493-499 (1997). Lubart R., Wollman Y., Friedman H., Rochkind S. Laulicht L., “Effects of visible and near-infrared lasers on cell cultures,” Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology 12(3), 305-3 10 (1992). Salansky N., “Low energy photon therapy for wound healing.” Intnl Med Instr, Canadian Defense Ministry, Personal Communication. (1998). Schmidt M.H., Bajic D.M., Reichert K.W. II, Martin T.S., Meyer G.A., Whelan H.T., “Light –emitting diodes as a light source for intra-operative photodynamic therapy.” Neurosurg 38(3), 552-556 (1996). Schmidt M.H., Reichert K.W. II, Ozker K., Meyer G.A., Donohoe D.L., Bajic D.M., Whelan N. T., Whelan H. T., “Preclinical Evaluation of Benzoporphyrin Derivative Combined with a Light-Emitting Diode Array for Photodynamic Therapy of Brain Tumors.” Pediatr Neurosurg 30, 225-231 (1999). Whelan H.T., Schmidt M.H., Segura A.D., McAuliffe T.L., Bajic D.M., Murray K.J., Moulder J.E., Strother D.R., Thomas J.P., Meyer G.A., “The role of photodynamic therapy in posterior fossa brain tumors: A pre-clinical study in a canine glioma model.” Journal of Neurosurgery 79(4), 562-8 (1993). 4PDF Image | NASA Light-Emitting Diode Medical Program
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