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1 Introduction According to the American Alzheimer’s Association, 11% of older Americans (age 65 and older) suffer from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [1]. There is a similar situation in Austria, where about 100 000 people (6.4 % of Austrians aged 65 and older) suffer from AD with a prospected growth to 230 000 by the year 2050 [2]. This rise in numbers is mainly caused by the aging population, with a prolonged life expectancy and the generation of “Baby-Boomers” (people born in the 1950s and 1960s) as driving factors [3]. Affecting such a large number of individuals, Alzheimer’s disease is a challenge on the health care system. About one billion Euro per year are spent on AD-care in Austria alone [2,4], three quarters of which are non- medical expenses related to personal assistance in activities of daily life. Aside from being costly, AD also claims its toll on the quality of life of caregivers. Compared to people who aren’t affected by AD directly or indirectly, those who care for Alzheimer’s patients have shown signs of a weaker immune system, more pro-inflammatory proteins, as well as significantly shorter telomeres [5]. As of yet there is no medical treatment that can either cure, prevent, or completely stop the progression of AD. The lack of treatment options is aggravated by a lack of reliable diagnostic tools that could detect the disease before the onset of symptoms. The pre-symptomatic period of Alzheimer’s disease may last for decades, but once symptoms start to show, there is only a small therapeutic window before neurodegeneration renders the affected person completely dependent on external care. The key to a cure of the disease may still lay in the dark, but there is an increasing amount of research being done that suggests that literal enlightenment might pave the way against AD. Starting off by simply searching for “low level light therapy Alzheimer’s disease” at the PubMed database of the NCBI and using the references within relevant publications, it quickly becomes obvious that there are many different names for treatments utilizing light in the UV-VIS-NIR range. While Kendric C. Smith suggested us to use the “simple and correct term, phototherapy” [6], the scientific consensus recently introduced the term Enengl, Dungel #neverforget – PBM vs AD: A Systematic Review Page 3 of 25PDF Image | Photobiomodulation Against Alzheimer’s Disease
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