PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 008
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1107 8 of 17 Figure 4. Clonogenic survival of SCC-25 (A) and Detroit 562 (B) cells after laser and MB treatment. After completion of treatments, 2000 cells/treatment were seeded in 75cm2 culture dishes in 15 mL serum-supplemented culture medium for 2 weeks followed by counting the Gentian Violet-stained visible colonies (approximately 50 cells in each colony). In both SCC-25 (A) and Detroit 562 cells (B) MB significantly reduced (**: p < 0.01 by Mann-Whitney test) the number of growing colonies compared to the controls, and MB + laser further significantly (*: p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test) reduced the number of growing colonies compared to the only MB treated cells, n = 4; four biological repeats. 3. Discussion Especially in dermatology PDT is used routinely for patients with malignant skin cancer. PDT with ALA (aminolevulinic acid) is an effective treatment for actinic ceratosis and part of standard treatment. Furthermore, PDT is recommended for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ, particularly in multiple lesions, where multiple surgeries would be necessary [4,45,46]. Hodgkinson and coworkers [47] reported PDT to be a treatment modality for colorectal cancer using an aid of drug carriers and immune conjugates for enhanced photodynamic therapy efficacy. These modifications could prove effective in targeting cancer stem cells that are thought to be resistant to photodynamic therapy [47]. Another study group described that encapsulation of the photosensitizer MB in nanoparticles leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The authors concluded that nanoparticle encapsulated MB has the capacity to eliminate cancer stem cells under hypoxic conditions, an important goal of current cancer therapy [48]. Also in HNSCC studies could demonstrate PDT to have an effect on HNSCC and has been thoroughly reported in early stage oral cavity tumors. Recently, a Dutch study group matched two groups of patients with early stage oral cavity tumor treated with mTHPC (meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin) mediated PDT (n = 55) and treated with surgery (n = 43) together, the tumor was thinner than 5 mm. This was the first comparison of PDT to the surgical treatment and PDT was suggested as an alternative to surgery in this tumor state [49]. There are several comparable studies reporting about favorable results for PDT in HNSCC and several photosensitizer such as 3-(1′-hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide [50,51], porfimer sodium [52], mTHPC [53], or 5-aminolevulinic acid [54] have been used to enhance tumor cell death in PDT [55]. Unfortunately, there is less data about PDT with methylene blue in HNSCC. In this study, we found that PDT with methylene blue (MB) and low level laser (LLL) at 660 nm has an effective impact on HNSCC cell lines. Interestingly, methylene blue alone without the use of a laser source could bring a toxic effect on the HNSCC cell lines. In other tumor entities, studies reported the effectiveness of MB-PDT as cancer treatment modality. For melanoma MB-PDT was suggested to be a cheap and efficient method to decrease the volume of malignant melanoma not eligible for surgery. In mice, MB-PDT showed a decrease of 99% in tumor volume and 75% in tumor weight compared with untreated mice (p < 0.05) [56]. Previous studies are reporting MB-PDT to induce apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The study group found MB to sensitize A549 cells, adenocarcinomicPDF Image | Photodynamic Low Level Laser Squamous Cell Carcinoma
PDF Search Title:
Photodynamic Low Level Laser Squamous Cell CarcinomaOriginal File Name Searched:
ijms-19-01107.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Cruise Ship Reviews | Luxury Resort | Jet | Yacht | and Travel Tech More Info
Cruising Review Topics and Articles More Info
Software based on Filemaker for the travel industry More Info
The Burgenstock Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
Resort Reviews: World Class resorts... More Info
The Riffelalp Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@cruisingreview.com (Standard Web Page)