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Biomedicines 2018, 6, 18 7 of 8 5. Conclusions We believe that IPL is an effective and useful alternative light source for PDT of NMSC since provides numerous advantages such as high efficacy rates, minimal discomfort, rapid treatment and recovery times, and excellent cosmetic outcomes. However, further studies are needed for developing an IPL-PDT protocol for the treatment of NMSC. Acknowledgments: We thank Daniela Marchi and Enrica Rita Angelone who performed IPL-PDT. Author Contributions: Domenico Piccolo and Dimitra Kostaki contributed to the design and implementation of the study, to the analysis of the results and to the writing of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Lomas, A.; Leonardi-Bee, J.; Bath-Hextall, F. A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br. J. Dermatol. 2012, 166, 1069–1080. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Roewert-Huber, J.; Lange-Asschenfeldt, B.; Stockfleth, E.; Kerl, H. Epidemiology and aetiology of basal cell carcinoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 2007, 157, 47–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Griffin, L.L.; Ali, F.R.; Lear, J.T. Non-melanoma skin cancer. Clin. Med. 2016, 16, 62–65. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Morton, C.A.; Szeimies, R.M.; Sidoroff, A.; Braathen, L.R. European guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy part 1: Treatment delivery and current indications actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease, basal cell carcinoma. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2013, 27, 536–544. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 5. Babilas, P.; Knobler, R.; Hummel, S.; Gottschaller, C.; Maisch, T.; Koller, M.; Landthaler, M.; Szeimies, R.M. Variable pulsed light is less painful than light-emitting diodes for topical photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Br. J. Dermatol. 2007, 157, 111–117. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 6. Palm, M.; Goldman, P.M. Aminolevulinic Acid: Actinic Keratosis and Photorejuvenation. In Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology; Gold, M.H., Ed.; Springer Science and Business Media, LLC: New York, NY, USA, 2011; pp. 5–30, ISBN 978-1-4419-1297-8. 7. Wan, M.T.; Lin, J.Y. Current evidence and applications of photodynamic therapy in dermatology. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 2014, 21, 145–163. [CrossRef] 8. Ruiz-Rodriguez, R.; Sanz-Sánchez, T.; Córdoba, S. Photodynamic photorejuvenation. Dermatol. Surg. 2002, 28, 742–744. [PubMed] 9. Avram, D.K.; Goldman, M.P. Effectiveness and safety of ALA-IPL in treating actinic keratoses and photodamage. J. Drugs Dermatol. 2004, 3, S36–S39. [PubMed] 10. Kim, H.S.; Yoo, J.Y.; Cho, K.H.; Kwon, O.S.; Moon, S.E. Topical photodynamic therapy using intense pulsed light for treatment of actinic keratosis: Clinical and histopathologic evaluation. Dermatol. Surg. 2005, 31, 33–36. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 11. Bernstein, E.F.; Thomas, G.F.; Smith, P.D.; Mitchell, J.B.; Glatstein, E.; Kantor, G.R.; Spielvogel, R.L.; Maiese, S.C.; Russo, A. Response of black and white guinea pig skin to photodynamic treatment using 514-nm light and dihematoporphyrin ether. Arch. Dermatol. 1990, 126, 1303–1307. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 12. Gold, M.H.; Bradshaw, V.L.; Boring, M.M.; Bridges, T.M.; Biron, J.A. Split-face comparison of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and intense pulsed light versus intense pulsed light alone for photodamage. Dermatol. Surg. 2006, 32, 795–801. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 13. Moloney, F.J.; Collins, P. Randomized, double-blind, prospective study to compare topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid methylester with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for extensive scalp actinic keratosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 2007, 157, 87–91. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 14. Kohl, E.; Popp, C.; Zeman, F.; Unger, P.; Koller, M.; Landthaler, M.; Karrer, S.; Szeimies, R.M. Photodynamic therapy using intense pulsed light for treating actinic keratoses and photoaged skin of the dorsal hands: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Br. J. Dermatol. 2017, 176, 352–362. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 15. Tadiparthi, S.; Falder, S.; Saour, S.; Hills, S.J.; Liew, S. Intense pulsed light with methyl-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2008, 121, 351e–352e. [CrossRef] [PubMed]PDF Image | Photodynamic Therapy Pulsed Light Treatment of Nonmelanoma
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