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Materials 2020, 13, 2646 16 of 24 Table 4. Estimated half-inhibitory concentration values (IC50 values, in μM) and coefficient of their determination (r2) for the quinoline- and benzoselenazole-derived unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine Materials 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 25 dyes 9, 11 and 12 in BT-474 and MCF-7 cells exposed to 0, 7 or 14 min of light-emitting diode irradiation and 1 or 24 h of incubation with the irradiated dyes. significant selective cytotoxicity for irradiated treatments at certain concentrations. Taking into account the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status [74,75], in which International BT-474 MCF-7 Standardization reported that the percentage of reduction in cell viability from which compounds in Dye Irradiation 1 h 24 h 1 h 24 h in vitro tests can be considered toxic is >30% (i.e., cell viability <70%), we verify two conditions in Time 2222 which the dyes show a selective phototherapeutic effect: at the concentration of 0.1 μM, dye 11, after IC50 r IC50 r IC50 r IC50 r 14 min of irradiation and 24 h of contact with irradiated dyes, and 1.0 μM of dye 12 after 1 h, at both 0′ 4.423 0.92 7.023 0.92 6.400 0.99 5.999 0.92 irradiation times explored. Despite the sharp differences in cell viability of cells exposed to 9 7′ 5.628 0.71 1.958 0.79 6.335 0.96 6.359 0.99 compound 11 bearing′amino group at a concentration of 1 μM and 1 h of incubation between concentration and after 24 h of exposure. 14 6.941 0.96 3.184 0.95 6.414 0.97 3.149 0.88 irradiated and non-irradiated treatments, as the condition in the dark had a decrease in cell viability 0′ 1.209 0.99 0.706 0.99 4.018 0.98 1.225 0.98 of more than 30% compared to the untreated control (0 μM), no selective effects can be considered. 11 7′ 0.203 0.99 0.207 0.99 0.313 0.98 0.189 0.99 The same is observed for the condition treated with methylamine-substituted dye 12 at the same 14’ 0.197 0.99 0.097 0.99 0.140 0.99 0.084 0.99 ′ The increase in th0e irradiat1io.4n6t8ime0h.9a6s bee2n.5s3h4own0.n99ot to1m.0a7r8ked0ly.9i9ncre1a.s2e5t3he c0y.9to9toxicity of ′ the studie1d2dyes for B7T-474 cells0,.4in02cont0r.a9s8t to o0.t2h4e2r am0i.n9o9squ0a.r1a4in7e d0y.e9s9that0w.07e4rece0n.9tl9y reported ′ to other cell lines [3174], while 0th.3a8t6of 0th.9e9incu0.b1a9t9ion0p.9e9riod0w.1i0th4 irr0a.9d9iated0.0d4y2es, 0a.t99the lowest concentrations tested, has been shown to produce a slight decrease in cell viability. Figure4.AFnigtuirpero4.liAfenrtiaptriovliefereafftiveectesffeocftspohfopthodtoydynnaamicttrreaetamtmentenontBoTn-4B74T-c4el7ls4.BcTe-l4l7s4.cBelTls-4w7e4recellswere exposed for 24 h to the quinoline- and benzoselenazole-derived unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine exposed for 24 h to the quinoline- and benzoselenazole-derived unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine dyes 9, 11 and 12, at indicated concentrations, and then subjected to light-treatment using a light-emitting diode system 0, 7, or 14 min (see methods for details). After contact with the irradiated dyes for 1 h or for 24 h, cell viability was assessed. Cell viabilities are expressed as percentage of control, non-treated cells (0 μM), and presented as mean value ± standard error of three independent experiments (each one in quadruplicates). Student’s t-test statistical significant treatments related to the non-treated condition (p-value < 0.05) are evidenced by an asterisk (*) of the color relative to the irradiation time.PDF Image | Photophysicochemical Light Antiproliferative vs cancer
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