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PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PS5 Molecules 2018, 23, 1436 Molecules 2018, 23, x FOR PEER REVIEW 648 649 650 651 649 (604) 47400 681 33 35400 682 33 51800 684 34 22600 686 35 0.075 0.077 0.082 0.116 0.025 of ROS compared with others. production of ROS compared with others. 0.8 35600 (65000) 686 37 a nm; b M−1 cm−1. 5 of 13 5 of 13 Table 1. Absorption and emission data of benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides PS1-PS5 in water. Compound PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PS5 λabs a Ε b 648 47400 649 35400 650 51800 651 22600 649 (604) 35600 (65000) a nm; b M−1 cm−1. λema Δλa φ Figure 2. Absorption (A) and fluorescence ((B), excitation at λ 600 nm) spectra of PS1–PS5 at 5 μM in Figure 2. Absorption (A) and fluorescence ((B), excitation at λ 600 nm) spectra of PS1–PS5 at 5 μM water. in water. 2.3. ROS Production Under excitation at 600 nm, all these compounds exhibited near-infrared emissions at about 681 nTmhe, wreiathctSivtoekoexsysgheinftspoefcaiebso(uRtO35S)ngmen(eFriagtuerdei2nBp).hIontoardedaicttiion,stahreertehlaetkiveeyflfaucotorersfcoernPcDe qTuaasntthuemy cyaineldinsd(uφc)ewceyrteotmoxeiacsiutyrevdiaindwamataegreutsoindgifflfueroernetscbeiionmaoslaecsutalensd,airndcl(uφdin=g0p.9r8o)t[e3in0]s., Tnhuecsleicoamcipdosuands s laipllidshso[3w1e,3d2r].eTlahtievrelfyorleo,wcoflmupooreusncdenscPeSq1utoanPtSu5mwyeireeldesv(a0lu.0a2t5edtofo0r.1t1h6e)i,rwefhfeichtsiosncothnesipstreondtuwctiitohnthofe RreOsuSlbt yofDpPreBvFiomuseltyhoredp[o7r]t.eFdigbuenrezo3[as]hpohwensothxaezriensiumltscohfloRrOidSesp[r1o3d]u. cTthioisnrweshueltninthdeiccaotemspthoautnPdSs1w–PeSre5 imrraydinaotetdtewnidthtodidffeecraeyntbeanckertgoytdhengsriotiuesn.dAsltlathtesbeymemolietctiunlgesflpurordeuscedncReOaSftienr aenxceintaetrigoyn-danepdehnadveenat Figure 2. Absorption (A) and fluorescence ((B), excitation at λ 600 nm) spectra of PS1–PS5 at 5 μM in fgarsehaitopno,teindtiaiclaitninugndtehragtointhgeiyntearseyspteomtencrtoiaslsincgantodifdoarmtesarfeolratiavnetliycalonncger-livPeDdTt.ripRlemtsatarktea,bwlyh,icthhies water. pnheocetossaacrtyivfaotredacptirnogduasctdioensiroafbRleOPSDwTacsanmdoidstatineste. nse with PS4, suggesting that this compound has the highest quantum yield for ROS generation. PS3, on the contrary, showed the lowest production 2.3. ROS Production 2.3. ROS Production of ROS compared with others. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in photoreactions are the key factor for PDT as they The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in photoreactions are the key factor for PDT can induce cytotoxicity via damage to different biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids and ROS Production as they can induce cytotoxicity via damage to different biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic lipids [31,32]. Therefore, compounds PS1 to PS5 were evaluated for their effects on the production of acids and lipids [31,32]. Therefore, compounds PS1 to PS5 were evaluated for their effects on the ROS by DPBF method [7]. Figure 3 shows the results of ROS production when the compounds were 1.0 PS1 production of ROS by DPBF method [7]. Figure 3 shows the results of ROS production when the irradiated with different energy densities. All these molecules produced PRSO2S in an energy-dependent compounds were irradiated with different energy densities. All these molecules produced ROS fashion, indicating that they are potential candidates for anticancer PDT. Remarkably, the photoactivated production of ROS was most intense with PS4, suggesting that this compound has Remarkably, the photoactivated production of ROS was most intense with PS4, suggesting that this the highest quantum yield f0o.4r ROS generation. PS3, on the contrary, showed the lowest production compound has the highest quantum yield for ROS generation. PS3, on the contrary, showed the lowest PS1 PS2 in an energy-dependent fashion, indicating that they are potential candidates for anticancer PDT. 0.6 PS4 0.2 0.0 ROS Production 1.0 0.8 Energy Density (J/cm2) 0 20 40 60 681 33 682 33 684 34 686 35 686 37 0.075 0.077 0.082 0.116 0.025 PS3 PS5 Figure 3. Photoactivated production of ROS by the candidate photosensitizers (PS1 to PS5, 40 μM in PS3 water) expressed as arbitra0r.y6 units (AU). PS4 0.4 2.4. Photodynamic Activity Against Cells In Vitro 0.2 0.0 Figure 3. Photoactivated production of ROS by the candidate photosensitizers (PS1 to PS5, 40 μM in Figure 3. Photoactivated production of ROS by the candidate photosensitizers (PS1 to PS5, 40 μM in Finally, in vitro photodynamic activities of PS1 to PS5 against two cell lines, including murine breast adenocarcinoma cell 4T1 and normal murine fibroblast cell NIH-3T3, were tested by irradiated 0 20 40 60 Energy Density (J/cm2) water) expressed as arbitrary units (AU). water) expressed as arbitrary units (AU). 2.4. Photodynamic Activity Against Cells In Vitro Finally, in vitro photodynamic activities of PS1 to PS5 against two cell lines, including murine breast adenocarcinoma cell 4T1 and normal murine fibroblast cell NIH-3T3, were tested by irradiated PS5 ROS Production (AU) ROS Production (AU)PDF Image | Photosensitizers for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy
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