PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 011
Molecules 2018, 23, 1436 11 of 13 3.5. Phototoxicity Assay The toxicity of different treatments against 4T1 and NIH-3T3 cells was measured by an MTT assay. Briefly, 4T1 and NIH-3T3, 1 × 104 cells per well, were treated with different concentrations of the compounds for 30 min, in RPMI and DMEM, respectively, and then washed twice with PBS. After, the microplates were: (1) maintained in the dark; or (2) irradiated with a light emitting diode (LED, λ 660 nm) at a final energy density of 25.8 J/cm2. The control consisted of cells that received only culture medium. Next, the cells were washed with PBS, cultured for further 24 h, and then the culture medium was replaced by a 0.5 mg/mL MTT solution in culture medium. The cells were then incubated for 2.5 h at 37 ◦C in a 5% CO2, humid atmosphere. The MTT solution was then discarded, the formazan produced by the viable cells was extracted with 200 μL DMSO, and the optical density was read at λ 595 nm with a microplate spectrophotometer. This experiment was performed in triplicate for each treatment, and the results were expressed as percentages relative to control. 3.6. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with Sidak’s post-test (α = 0.05). Analyzes were performed with GraphPad Prism® 6.0 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA,). 4. Conclusions In conclusion, four benzo[a]phenoxazinium derivatives PS1–PS4 bearing different functional groups in the amino side chain and the first benzo[a]phenoxazinium dimer PS5 were prepared. The investigation on optical properties of PS1 to PS5 in water indicated that they are red light absorbers with low fluorescence quantum yields (0.025~0.116). The ROS production study revealed that all these benzo[a]phenoxaziniums produced ROS in an energy-dependent fashion, with PS4 having the highest ROS quantum yield. Finally, the anticancer PDT activities of this series of benzo[a]phenoxaziniums were evaluated for the first time. The bioassay results indicated that PS1 and PS4 show significant photodynamic activities against 4T1 cancer cells and NIH-3T3 normal murine fibroblast cells, and PS5 showed intriguing anticancer PDT activity selectively towards 4T1 cancer cells over NIH-3T3 normal cells. Together with the optical properties and photodynamic bioassay results, this series of benzo[a]phenoxazinium derivatives can be highlighted as new PSs worthy of further investigation in anticancer PDT study. Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/6/1436/ s1, 1H-, 13C-NMR, LR-MS and HR-MS spectra for PS1–PS5. Author Contributions: Chemical synthesis and spectroscopic measurements, J.Z., J.-L.S. and Z.-Q.C.; ROS detection, W.T.d.S.J. and V.C.M.d.S.; Phototoxicity assay, M.C.R. and J.A.V.M.; Writing-Original Draft Preparation, J.Z.; Writing-Review, J.P.F.L., R.B.A. and H.Z.; Supervision, C.-S.J., L.A.M. and H.Z.; Project Administration, C.-S.J., H.Z. Funding: This research was funded by [National Natural Science Foundation of China] grant number [21672082]; [Shandong Key Development Project] grant number [2016GSF201209]; [Young Taishan Scholars Program] grant number [tsqn20161037]; [Shandong Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars] grant number [JQ201721]; [Shandong Talents Team Cultivation Plan of University Preponderant Discipline] grant number [10027]; and the Brazilian Government Agencies FAP/DF [0193.001020/2015] and CNPq [447.628/2014-3]. Acknowledgments: Authors are greatful to Miss Jin-Tong Song for LC-MS and NMR analytical support. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Kennedy, J.C.; Pottier, R.H.; Pross, D.C. Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin. IX: Basic principles and present clinical experience. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 1990, 6, 143–148. [CrossRef] 2. Zhang, J.; Jiang, C.S.; Figueiró Longo, J.P.; Azevedo, R.B.; Zhang, H.; Muehlmann, L.A. An updated overview on the development of new photosensitizers for anticancer photodynamic therapy. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2018, 8, 137–146. [CrossRef] [PubMed]PDF Image | Photosensitizers for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy
PDF Search Title:
Photosensitizers for Anticancer Photodynamic TherapyOriginal File Name Searched:
molecules-23-01436-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Cruise Ship Reviews | Luxury Resort | Jet | Yacht | and Travel Tech More Info
Cruising Review Topics and Articles More Info
Software based on Filemaker for the travel industry More Info
The Burgenstock Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
Resort Reviews: World Class resorts... More Info
The Riffelalp Resort: Reviews on CruisingReview website... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@cruisingreview.com | RSS | AMP |