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Red LED Erbium Upconverting Nanoparticles v Cervical Cancer

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Red LED Erbium Upconverting Nanoparticles v Cervical Cancer ( red-led-erbium-upconverting-nanoparticles-v-cervical-cancer )

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Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 1102 3 of 17 Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 16 Figure 1.. SchSecmheamticatiilclusiltlruasttiorantiofnthoef ptrheepapraretipoanraotfiocnoreo-fshceollreu-pshceolnlvuerptcinognvnearntionpgarntiacnleospsaurrtfiaclces- smuorfdaicfiee-dmowditfihedsiwlicitah, sPiElicGa-,foPlEicG-afcoildic (aFcAid/P(EFGA)/,PEaGnd), aTnCdPTPC(PUPC(NUPCsN@PSisO@2S@iFOA@/PFEAG/P/TECGP/PT)CPfoPr) fpohropthodotyondaymniacmthicerthaperyabpaysbedasoend soingsilnetgolextyogxeynggenengeernaetiroanti.on. 2. Materials and Methods 2 Erbium(III) acetate hydrate, lutetium(III) acetate hydrate, yttrium(III) acetate hydrate, 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials 2.1. Materials Erbium(III) acetate hydrate, lutetium(III) acetate hydrate, yttrium(III) acetate hydrate, ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate, neodymium(III) acetate hydrate, ammonium fluoride (NH4F), ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate, neodymium(III) acetate hydrate, ammonium fluoride (NH4F), oleic oleic acid (90%), 1-octadecene (90%), IGEPAL® CO-520, and ammonium hydroxide solution acid (90%), 1-octadecene (90%), IGEPAL® CO-520, and ammonium hydroxide solution (28–30%) were (28–30%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetraethyl orthosilicate purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3- (TEOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane (APTES), and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) aminopropyltriethoxy-silane (APTES), and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) were were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) Co., Ltd. (Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan). purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) Co., Ltd. (Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan). mPEG2k- mPEG2k-SC and FA/PEG5k-NHS were purchased from Biochempeg (Watertown, MA, USA). The HeLa SC and FA/PEG5k-NHS were purchased from Biochempeg (Watertown, MA, USA). The HeLa (ATCC® CCL-2TM) human adenocarcinoma cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture (ATCC® CCL-2TM) human adenocarcinoma cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). DMEM and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Capricorn Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). DMEM and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from (Ebsdorfergrund, Hesse, Germany). Trypsin-EDTA and penicillin-streptomycin (P/S) solution were Capricorn (Ebsdorfergrund, Hesse, Germany). Trypsin-EDTA and penicillin-streptomycin (P/S) purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). The LIVE/DEADTM viability/cytotoxicity assay kit, solution were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). The LIVE/DEADTM viability/cytotoxicity LysoTrackerTM Green DND-26, and singlet oxygen sensor green reagent (SOSG) were purchased from assay kit, LysoTrackerTM Green DND-26, and singlet oxygen sensor green reagent (SOSG) were Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other reagents were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other reagents were obtained unless otherwise indicated. from Sigma–Aldrich unless otherwise indicated. 2.2. Synthesis of Core UCNPs for Red Emission 2.2. Synthesis of Core UCNPs for Red Emission Upconverting nanoparticles of ~30 nm were manufactured by slight modification of an existing Upconverting nanoparticles of ~30 nm were manufactured by slight modification of an existing procedure [32–37]. Briefly, 3 mmol of Er(CH3CO2)3 in 5 mL of methanol was added to a round bottom procedure [32–37]. Briefly, 3 mmol of Er(CH3CO2)3 in 5 mL of methanol was added to a round bottom flask containing 12 mL of oleic acid (OA) and 45 mL of octadecene (ODE). Methanol was evaporated flask containing 12 mL of oleic acid (OA) and 45 mL of octadecene (ODE). Methanol was evaporated at 110 ◦C under vacuum for 20 min, and the reaction temperature was maintained at 150 ◦C for 1 h at 110 °C under vacuum for 20 min, and the reaction temperature was maintained at 150 °C for 1 h under argon flow to obtain a clear solution. After cooling, methanol solution containing 12 mmol under argon flow to obtain a clear solution. After cooling, methanol solution containing 12 mmol NH4F and 7.5 mmol NaOH was added slowly to the reaction vessel and kept at 50 ◦C for 30 min. NH4F and 7.5 mmol NaOH was added slowly to the reaction vessel and kept at 50 °C for 30◦min. After removing methanol using the same evaporation process, the vessel was heated to 310 C at After removing methanol using the same evaporation process, the vessel was heated to 310 °C at the the rate of 10–15 ◦C/min and maintained at this temperature for 90 min under an argon atmosphere. rate of 10–15 °C/min and maintained at this temperature for 90 min under an argon atmosphere. The The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and an equal volume of acetone was added to precipitate mixture was cooled to room temperature, and an equal volume of acetone was added to precipitate the product UCNPs. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 6554 g for 10 min. The pellet was the product UCNPs. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 6554 g for 10 min. The pellet was collected and redispersed in 20 mL of n-hexane. This mixture was centrifuged at 1000 g for 5 min to

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