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enabling an increased blood flow and getting oxygen to cells in the body, particularly in soft tissues, organs and hard tissue allowing a greater chance at regeneration and remodelling (Karu, 2008). Red light therapy is able to reduce pro-inflammatory chemicals (NF-kb) and increase the activity of white blood cells (Leucocytes). Light therapy increases cell metabolism in neurons whose function has been impaired by toxins and increases the action potential of nerve cells which helps to improve proprioception (Rose, 2017). 2.2 Light Therapy and research in humans and rats. Light Therapy is typically used in wound healing, but more physiological effects have been analysed (Brem et al., 2004). Injury resulting in wounds can be very stressful for the horse and or the human and research has shown that high heart rates correspond to stress (Schmidt et al.,, 2010). The quality of life for the animal could be interrupted due to the possible decrease in movement but also can become an emotional problem as seen in humans (Brem et al., 2004). There is currently little research on the effects of light therapy on horses, however there are several studies on rats and humans. Although these studies do not focus on horses directly, it is possible to relate the information to horses as the physiological responses are thought to work in the same way for horses, dogs, humans and rats (Corti, 2014). Both humans and horses have the ability to work as athletes, pushing their bodies to the limit. The light therapy device used in this study has a combination of LED and Infrared wavelengths which are 633nm Red and 850nm Infrared. In 2016 a pilot study was carried out which involved using infrared waves for production of ATP in fibroblasts and osteoblasts (Quirk et al., 2016). Both Fibroblasts and osteoblasts are cells involved in the healing process. Fibroblasts produce collagen and extra cellular matrix both of which help in regenerating new tissue (Bainbridge, 2013). Osteoblasts are involved in regeneration of bone tissue (Gasparini, 2017). The Quirk et al., (2016) study involved using different doses of Infrared wavelength to aid healing of the femur in rats. The results of this study showed that light therapy has a positive effect on ATP formation in fibroblasts but not in osteoblasts. Using light therapy showed an 80% increase in ATP production of fibroblasts at 660nm than 830nm, 5PDF Image | THE EFFECT OF LIGHT THERAPY ON HEART RATE, HORSES
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