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which was twice the size of the values for osteoblasts at either wavelength (Quirk et al., 2016). The pilot study had a large sample size of 21 rats and the method was approved by the university’s ethics committee despite the fact that the study had a mortality rate of 14.2% which is very high. However there was a control group for this study which improves the validity and shows that the treatment was successful in aiding healing of the femur. The control group received an intramedullary pin and received no infrared radiation. However, as the study used one radiographer to analyse the radiographs, the findings are subjective. It could also pose as a limitation as there is no verification from another radiographer. The Quirk et al., (2016) paper does not state how experienced this radiographer is either, which potentially could reduce the validity. Hammerberg et al., (2016) stated that the inter-rater agreement between veterinarians is low, especially if the veterinarian is less experienced. It could be more beneficial for the Quirk et al., (2016) study to have three radiographers to analyse radiographs, this change would ensure verification from other radiographers. Another study used 30 rats in order to determine the effects of Light therapy on burn healing (Al-Watban and Andres, 2003). It was discovered that light therapy had a significant effect on the healing of an artificially prepared wound. During a period of 21 days, the control animal healed within that time naturally. However, when using the Light therapy device 3 times a week, rats healed completely by 14 days. These results show that the LEDs had a positive effect on wound healing. Using this information from what we know regarding light therapy and rats, it is understood that horses can benefit from this type of therapy even though horses are a different size to the rats and have very different anatomy. The physiology of the tissues and how these heal are the same. Using rats within a study allows the scientist to gain a more precise result as the sample sizes are much larger than with horses. This is because rats are much cheaper to keep and are easier to use in the study, this could be a potential reason as to why Quirk et al., (2016) used rats for their pilot study as the study was a new pilot at the time of research. Both of these studies have a high sample size, meaning that the results can be seen as valid. To add to their validity both groups had a control group which futher enhanced the validity. . 6PDF Image | THE EFFECT OF LIGHT THERAPY ON HEART RATE, HORSES
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