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time. This could have potentially been resolved by including a control group into future studies to fully observe the decrease from the light therapy. In order to do this, the control group would be a select group of horses who stood still for the same period of time but received no light therapy, by doing this is would highlight what the difference was. However despite the lack of control group the result that horses had low heart rates do suggest that horses were not stressed during the study as Schmidt et al., (2010) concluded that high heart rates corresponded with stress within the horse. This means that the horses were not stressed during the light therapy treatment, which particularly in the case of Carrie, is a welcoming result for horse owners and users of the Photizo device. The reduction in heart rate and the relaxation correspondence has also been demonstrated by Mcbride et al., (2004). Mcbride concluded that a low heart rate indicated that horses were relaxed however this paper was completed on massage therapy which is a physical movement on the horse. Light therapy is not physical, but it is a therapy-based paper therefore is a more effective paper to make the link between the current paper and Mcbride et al., (2004). It is less effective to link the findings of the current paper to Schmidt et al., (2010) due to the paper being a study surrounding transporting horses. The findings for both papers were similar and the Schmidt et al., (2010) paper is a newer study demonstrating the validity of the Mcbride et al., (2004) study. Heart rate is affected by many factors that have been demonstrated in previous research ((Mcbride et al., 2004), (Schmidt et al., 2010)). It is more visible to see the reduction in heart rate when the light therapy was applied in the raw data than the mean table. Horses mean heart rate increased from 59.5 ± 11.4 in minute two to 65.9 ± 20.9 in minutes four. The figure for minute four overall is higher than the other treatment results and minute four had the second highest standard deviation meaning there was a high variation in heart rate result for this point in the session. This variation in heart rate could have been a result of many different factors during the session including other students distracting the horses whilst completing duties and other yard activities. It could have been the fact that horses may have moved or ‘fidgeted’ which would have increased heart rate. Heart rate quickly decreased by the sixth minute demonstrating the ability that light therapy can relax a horse enough for heart rate to decrease. All horses ended the sessions within the same heart rate range with the just outside the average resting heart rate of horses which 30-40bpm 22PDF Image | THE EFFECT OF LIGHT THERAPY ON HEART RATE, HORSES
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