The Effects of Lighting Design on Mood, Attention, and Stress

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2 occupying the space, along with the way that the space is intended to make the occupant feel. Environments judged as “warm” through their color scheme and interior decoration have been shown to make people feel more secure (Kombeiz, Steidle, & Dietl, 2017). In one study, warm spaces made participants feel calmer, and many reported that they felt a sense of familiarity while in them (Zanjani, Hilscher, & Cubchik, 2016). Creating spaces that make people feel more secure and relaxed is important not only in home design, but also when constructing buildings such as hospitals because it has been shown that built environments can have restorative effects (Peterson, Sandin, & Liljas, 2016). Improved restoration and increases in comfort can also be achieved through customization, especially in locations such as residential hospices where patients have limited control of the surrounding space that they occupy (Niedzielski, Rodin, Emmerson, Rutgers, & Sellen, 2016). Having a sense of agency and the ability to create a routine can improve one’s mood and extend the stay of the patient. There has also been recent neuroscientific evidence showing how different forms in one’s built environment can alter one’s perception and emotion. It has been shown that curved forms, as opposed to rectilinear forms, are both preferred and show an increase of activity in the anterior cingulate cortex of the brain compared to rectilinear forms (Banaei, Hatami, Yazdanfar, & Gramann, 2017). This shows that there is a measurable change in brain activity with regards to the perception of a space. The anterior cingulate is known to be associated with attentional control of cognitive and emotional processing (Bush, Luu, & Posner, 2000). However, there seems to be a limit, as too many curved forms have been shown to increase stress (Banaei, Hatami, Yazdanfar, & Gramann, 2017). Recent experiments aimed at investigating influences of the built environment on brain activity have employed modern virtual reality (VR) technology, like the Oculus Rift (Vecchiato et al., 2015; Banaei, Hatami, Yazdanfar, & Gramann, 2017). These studies are using VR to their advantage, bringing environments to the lab instead of bringing subjects and brain imaging devices to the environment (which is technically challenging). As a result, a number of variables in the built environment can be carefully controlled and manipulated while precise measurements of ongoing brain activity are made. Using the combined powers of both VR and brain recording technologies, researchers are now able

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