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system. If an atom were the size of a foot ball field then the nucleus, which contains most of the mass within an atom, would be the size of a marble. The only reason matter has a solid appearance is due to the incredible speeds at which the electrons circulate and electrical charge repulsion between atoms (Harrison, 1999). Figure 4: Structure of an Atom (Cutnell and Johnson, 2001) The nucleus consists of densely packed particles called protons and neutrons. A general term for these particles is nucleons. The protons are electrically positive and neutrons are electrically neutral. Electrons circulate around the nucleus in what may be described as orbits or shells. Electrons are negatively charged. Each of these shells can only contain a specific number of electrons. The innermost shell can hold two, the next eight, and so on. When the inner shells are saturated (filled with as many electrons as it can hold) another shell is started. Each shell or orbit around the nucleus corresponds to a specific energy level. These energy levels are given a specific whole number called a Quantum number (Cutnell & Johnson, 2004). The neutral atom has a definite amount of electrons. The number of electrons determines the chemical behaviour of the element. All the atoms of a given element have the same number of protons. This number differs from the number of protons in the atoms of any other element. The protons inside a nucleus equal the amount of electrons surrounding that nucleus. Neutrons resemble protons but have no electrical charges. The atomic number of an element equals the number of protons in each of its atoms. This number determines the position of the element in the Periodic Table of Elements. 11PDF Image | THE USE OF LIGHT AND COLOUR AS A HEALING MODALITY
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