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3.1.3 Complications Involved with the Excess or lack of Vitamin D 3.1.3.1 Insufficiency or Deficiency of Vitamin D Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract. If there is an insufficiency of this vitamin, the body tries to compensate through the release of parathyroid hormone. This is secreted into the bloodstream from the parathyroid glands which are situated at the base of the thyroid gland in the neck region. This increases the amount of calcium taken from the bones to regulate the calcium levels within the bloodstream when dietary or sunlight derived vitamin D is insufficient. Over a period of time, the lack of vitamin D, with the resulting reliance on the bones to maintain calcium levels, may lead to a condition called Secondary Parathyroidism. This condition is an important factor in age-related bone loss and increased risk of fractures. Due to this danger a supplementation of vitamin D is recommended in some cases. Oil extracted from the livers of fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring and cod are good dietary sources of Vitamin D. (Chel, et al 1998). 3.1.3.2 Excess Vitamin D and Calcium Absorption Supplementation of Vitamin D is not without risk as toxic doses can lead to the absorption of too much calcium leading to hypercalcemia or abnormally high levels of calcium in the bloodstream. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, excessive urination, extreme fatigue, depression and muscle weakness, coma and even death. The high calcium levels result in its deposition in the blood vessels, kidneys and other organs. Vitamin D can also trigger asthma in aspirin-sensitive patients and should be taken with caution by patients on anticoagulants. While Vitamin D aids in the absorption of magnesium, high calcium levels increases the excretion of magnesium from the body. This could result in a deficiency of magnesium which affects the muscles of the body, of which the heart is the most important, causing spasm in the coronary artery and possible myocardial infarction or heart attack. Therefore calcium intake needs to be carefully monitored in those taking extra supplementation. All the complications involved with maintaining balanced vitamin D within the body, and therefore calcium levels, can be remedied by receiving adequate amounts of sunlight. Although the skin has the capacity to produce large amounts of vitamin D, the process is self-regulating and therefore cannot become toxic (Hobday, 1999). 24PDF Image | THE USE OF LIGHT AND COLOUR AS A HEALING MODALITY
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