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mechanism for a protective effect of sunlight is vitamin D, which is synthesized by the body in the presence of ultraviolet B. While the study focused on white Americans, the same geographical trend affects black Americans, whose overall cancer rates are significantly higher. Darker skinned people require more sunlight to synthesize vitamin D. There are 13 malignancies that show this inverse correlation, mostly reproductive and digestive cancers. The strongest inverse correlation is with breast, colon, and ovarian cancer. Other cancers apparently affected by sunlight include tumors of the bladder, uterus, esophagus, rectum, and stomach (Grant, 2002). 3.1.5 Dangers of Sunlight The major concern over the past three decades has been the threat of skin cancer and premature ageing due to sun exposure. This has lead to widespread use of protective measures such as sunscreens and, in extreme cases, avoiding the sun all together. Recently, an article published in the Pretoria News daily paper indicated that medical practitioners in Australia are now advising people to stop using so much protection against the sun. Research indicated that the health of the average Australian has not increased due to sun protection, but has actually decreased from deprivation of the healing benefits of sunlight (Laurance, 2005). However excessive, prolonged exposure to sunlight over a period of time has been proven to increase the incidence of skin cancer and premature ageing (Kumar & Clark, 1999). Therefore it is necessary to discuss the dangers of overexposure to sunlight. 3.1.5.1 Skin Cancer and Ultraviolet Radiation Most skin cancers arise in sun-exposed areas and the incidence is highest in outdoor workers, sportsmen, sunbathers and especially those people who rarely enter the sun and then expose themselves to intense bursts of the sun’s radiation. Light skinned people are the most susceptible. Skin cancers, caused directly or indirectly by the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. It may also develop as a result of x-ray or radium burns and arsenic ingestion. (Kumar & Clark, 1999). The Ultraviolet component of sunlight is divided into three categories: Near-UV or UVA radiation, Mid-UV or UVB radiation, and far-UV or UVC radiation. All of UVC and most of 29PDF Image | THE USE OF LIGHT AND COLOUR AS A HEALING MODALITY
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