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equatorial regions, and situated high above sea level, are at an increased risk for sun damage than those living closer to the poles and at lower altitudes. The use of a hat and sunglasses to protect the sensitive areas of the face, ears, eyes and neck is recommended. If a burn is felt apply high sun protection factor lotions or get out of the sun immediately. Observe for the presence of growths on the skin such as moles and eczemas. Any change in size and appearance of a skin growth should be followed by a doctor’s examination to exclude possible complications (Coghill, 2000). 3.2 Specialised fields of light therapy 3.2.1 Laser Therapy The word laser is an acronym for ‘light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation’. A laser is a device that creates and amplifies a narrow beam of intense coherent light (Lucent, 2000). 3.2.1.1 How Do Lasers Work? Atoms emit radiation. Normally this is done in random directions at random times. The result is incoherent light – many photons going in different directions. This is called spontaneous emission (Lucent, 2000). In a laser, the atoms or molecules of a crystal, such as a ruby or garnet (or of a gas, liquid or other substance) are excited in what is called a laser cavity so that more of them are at higher energy levels than at lower energy levels. Reflective surfaces at both ends of the cavity permit photon energy to reflect back and forth, which builds up energy with each passage. If a photon, whose frequency corresponds to the energy difference between the excited and ground states, strikes another excited atom, that atom is stimulated to fall back to a lower energy state and emit a second photon of the same (or proportional) frequency, in phase with and in the same direction as the bombarding photon. This process is called stimulated emission. The bombarding photon and the emitted photon may then strike other excited atoms, stimulating further emissions of photons, all of the same frequency and phase. This process produces a sudden burst of coherent radiation as all the atoms discharge in a rapid chain reaction (Lucent, 2000). There are many different types of lasers depending on their source material. Different sources exhibit lasers of differing wavelengths. Excimer laser (Wavelength of 351 nm), Argon laser 32PDF Image | THE USE OF LIGHT AND COLOUR AS A HEALING MODALITY
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